- •31)Historical meaning of the Taaukel-khan’s activities in expansion of the territory and strengthening external relations of the Kazakh Khanate
- •33) Traditional economy of nomads.
- •37) “Aktabaghan shubyryndy”. Liberation movement of the Kazakh people against the Zhungars
- •38) “Aktabaghan shubyryndy”. Liberation movement of the Kazakh people against the Zhungars
- •46) Anti-colonial struggle of the Kazakhs led by Esset Kotibarov.
- •50) Kazakh enlightenment. Pedagogy activity of I. Altynsarin
- •52) Peasants colonization of the territory of Kazakhstan. Stolypin reforms and their goals (second half of XIX – beginning of XX cc)
- •56) First Kazakh national party of Alash: program, goals, political activities and the role in restoration of the national consciousness
- •58) October Revolution in Kazakhstan: myths and historical reality
- •61) Transfer from social-economic and political crisis of ‘military communism’
- •62) Stalin’s industrialization of Kazakhstan: nature, goals and results
- •64) Soviet cultural modernization (20-40s of the XX c)
- •65) Mass political repressions.
- •70) Inertia of Stalinist regime in post-war period. Case of e. Bekmakhanov.
- •72) Development of virgin lands: economic, ecological and social consequences
- •73) Acceleration of crisis of soviet social and political system (1960-1985)
- •78) Kazakhstan as a zone of ecological crisis (1949-1989). Semipalatinsk nuclear testing place, problems of Aral and Balkhash
- •83) Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1993, 1995. Formation of new Kazakh statehood (constitutional reform of 2007)
31)Historical meaning of the Taaukel-khan’s activities in expansion of the territory and strengthening external relations of the Kazakh Khanate
Tauekel (otherwise - Tavvakula) - Kazakh Khan, one of the heirs and successors Haknazar Khan. Thanks Tauekel-khan were acquired vast territory. In Tauekel in 1581-with his father Sultan Shigay-Khan and other Kazakh sultans came to the Uzbek Khan Abdallahu Liege and took him dependency. At the beginning in 1582 Kazakh squads Tauekel-Sultan took part in a hike Abdallah Khan in Tashkent against Baba-Sultan and mastering prisyrdarinskimi cities. As a result, Baba-Sultan was ubit.Tashkent and all cities Syrdare moved under the authority of Abdallah. Kazakhs, he did not return a single city. Tauekel-Abdallah Sultan received from the rich gifts and Afrikanetsky wilaya. Soon, the same in 1582, died Shigay khan. Served for several more months, Tauekel broken "sacramental contract" with Abdallahom and returned to their homeland. Here he won a long internecine struggle with Kazakh sultans and in 1586 became Khan Kazakh Khanate. He returned to him full independent statehood and immediately proceeded to consolidate his power. By Tauekel in 1598 was already well-armed and trained hundred thousandth army. Ambitious was his idea - to connect to his Uzbek khanates all land, the whole Maverannahr. It has established friendly ties with Moscow Tsar Fyodor Ioanovichem, sought a military alliance against Abdallah and his ally Kuchum Khan. Military Union failed, but events have developed favorably. Tauekel Khan in August in 1598, led one hundred thousandth of its troops, having a brother in Esima assistants, moved to the conquest of Maverannahra. In the short term were captured all prisyrdarinskie city, Tashkent, Samarkand, Andijan, Bukhara Ashi and besieged. But dvenadtsatisutochnaya its siege ended with a sudden powerful desperate attacks total defeat of Bukhara and garrison troops Tauekel Khan. He had to retreat. During the retreat, he was seriously injured in night combat. His dovezli to Tashkent, where he died.
32) Kazakh Khanate with Esim Khan.
The time when Esim Khan (1598-1628) ruled was very difficult. In the south, there was a constant struggle with the khan of Bukhara over the possession of Tashkent, in the east increasing oyrate tribes, in the Kazakh Khanate there were strifing sultans. Karakalpaks rose and took Tashkent. Esim Khan started the war against Karakalpak and in 1613 forced them to leave the middle reaches of the Syr Darya. In autumn 1603 Buhar troops came from Samarkand to Tashkent. In 1607 buhars captured Tashkent, but were defeated later by Esim Khan. In 1612 the head of Bukhara Imankul Khan attacked, and Kazakhs came to Karatau, looting on the road a few towns and villages. When he captured Tashkent he planted his son as the governors. Once the army left the city of Bukhara, tashkents rebelled and killed the governor. In 1613 the Kazakhs made a return trip and defeated the combined army of Bukhara, and Balkh. In 1613 the governor of Tashkent Tursun-Sultan proclaimed himself khan, entered into an alliance with Bukhars and took Turkestan, Sauran, Andizhan and Shakhrukh. After seizing power Tursun Oyrat carried out a new campaign and managed to subdue the Senior zhuz, Esim Khan was forced to flee to East Turkestan. In 1621 the Kazakhs were twice defeated by the buhars, but they did not manage to secure success. At this time Esim Khan returned to Kazakhstan, and defeated Tursun Oyrat in 1620. In 1624 Esim recaptured Turkestan from Tursun, but was unable to overthrow the usurper. In 1627 Kazakh troops leaded by Esim Khan headed off to campaign against Oyrat. Tursun then again attacked Turkestan. Tursyn arranged an ambush on Esim Khan, but his troops were defeated, and he was killed. Esim Khan had not overlived his opponent for long, and died in autumn of 1628. After the death of Esim Khan, his son Jangir (1628-1652) was proclaimed as khan.