Этапы эпидемиологической диагностики:

• сбор информации

• формулирование рабочей диагностичской гипотезы о причинно- следственных связях в эпидемическом процессе

• статистическая проверка рабочей гипотезы

• проверка соответствия рабочей диагностической гипотезы данным ретроспективного эпидемиологического анализа

• формулирование окончательного эпидемиологического диагноза

• разработка рекомендаций по оптимизации профилактических и противоэпидемических мероприятий.

• разработка прогноза эпидемиологической ситуации.

Ретроспективный эпидемиологический анализ – оценка эпидемиологической ситуации за тот или иной прошедший период времени с учетом времени риска, групп риска, территории риска и факторов риска..

Эпидемиологический прогноз – предвидение эпидемиологической ситуации в тот или иной период времени с учетом групп риска, территории риска, времени риска и факторов риска.

Epidemiology supervision

An epidemiology supervision can be presented as a permanent dynamic and multidimensional track system after the epidemic process of concrete infectious or parasite disease, and also after an epidemiology situation on the whole on certain territory in a concrete period of time for rationalization and increase of efficiency of prophylactic and противоэпидемической work.

Epidemiology and socio-economic meaningfulness of infectious diseases determine the necessity of the continuous looking after an often changing epidemiology situation (supervision) with the purpose of timely development of measures, providing liquidation, reduction or inhibition at certain level of infectious diseases (control).

Epidemiology meaningfulness of illnesses is determined prevalence, frequency of registration, among a population estimated on the indexes of morbidity.

Economic meaningfulness is estimated direct and indirect harm.

Direct harm is expenses on an ambulatory and stationary inspection and treatment of disease, payment on temporal disability, disability, pension, for help in the case of death of bread-winner. Expenses on противоэпидемические measures, scientific development of methods and methods of fight against an infection.

Indirect harm is a cost of the products received less society as a result of disability on illness (to the care after to the patients, disability, death).

Thus, эпиднадзор and эпидконтроль are components of the general system, determined as epidemic process control.

An object of эпиднадзора is an epidemiology situation in its intercommunication with the socially-ecological environment of dwelling of people.

Epidkontrol' – actually system of prophylactic and противоэпидемиологических measures.

Tasks of эпиднадзора:

• estimation of scales, character of prevalence and socio-economic meaningfulness of infectious diseases.

• an exposure of tendencies and estimation of rates of dynamics of эпидпроцесса is in time. Determination of risk time – that того period of time, when real or potential неблагополучие takes place on this infection.

• Districting of territory taking into account the degree of real and potential epidemiology неблагополучия on this infection (that determination of risk territory).

• Exposure of contingents of population, subject to the promoted risk of disease by virtue of features of their production-domestic or other terms of life (that exposure of risk groups)

• Exposure of reasons and terms, determining an origin and looked after character of displays of epidemic process of this infection – risk factor

• Determination of the adequate system of prophylactic and противоэпидемических measures, planning of sequence and terms of their realization.

• Control of scales, quality and efficiency of the carried out prophylactic and противоэпидемических measures.

• Development of переодических prognoses of эпидситуации.

The functional structure of the system of epidemiology supervision can be presented as a successive chain of measures:

• supervision in place, collection and registration of information

• stage-by-stage communication of data «on a vertical line», or from a «top» to the bottom, that от district in areas, regional and further in republican establishments of the system of эпиднадзора.

• Exchange by information on a horizontal line (that at the level of districts, cities, areas, republics of country)

• эпиданализ and estimation of information on the programs, to specific for every level of эпиднадзора

• estimation of epidemiology situation, that raising of epidemiology diagnosis.

• Exchange by information on principle of feed-back, that «from top to bottom» от higher in the нижестоящии levels of the system of эпиднадзора

• Development of administrative decisions, that recommendations on planning and adjustment of the carried out measures.

• Development of prognosis of development of epidemiology situation.