The sanitary fittings

1 . Memorise the following technical words:

ball valve – поплавковый шаровой регулятор расхода (воды), шаровой клапан

bolt – болт; соединять, прикреплять болтом

cistern – сливной бачок

draining board – сливная полка раковины

float – поплавок

flushing siphon – смывной сифон

hinge – шарнир; прикреплять, соединять шарнирно

lid – крышка

mixer tap – смеситель

overflow pipe – сливная, переливная труба

pressed steel – штампованная сталь

sink – кухонная раковина, мойка

suspended floor – перекрытие без промежуточных опор

vitreous china – глазурованный фарфор

2.Read and translate the text:

The main sanitary fittings in a house are the:

Text 1 (2800) 1

Water Engineering 1

technique – метод, прием 1

3. Read and translate: 1

Notes: 2

1. What are water quality standards governed by? 2. What is the mission of the US Environmental Protection Agency? 3. Speak about the harmful effect of the slightest concentrations of some contaminants. 4. Why can’t pure water occur naturally? 5. Speak about the most common drinking water treatment, considered to be one of the important scientific advances of the 20^th century. 2

Text 2 (2400) 2

Water Treatment Basics 2

1. Memorise the following technical words: 2

2. Read and translate the text: 3

Parts of a drainage system. This section defines the parts of a drainage system in a typical small building. 8

Principles of soil drainage 8

Pipe sizes and falls. A minimum 100 mm drain is usually adequate for a domestic plot. About 20 small houses can be connected to a 100 mm drain because only one or two properties will discharge water at the same time. If required, a larger pipe such as one with a 150 mm diameter is available. 10

Calculating the depth of a drain. It is cheaper to connect the sanitary fittings to the main sewer by the shortest possible route. Your objective is to find the invert levels for both ends of the drain run. You begin by measuring the drain run from the house to the plot boundary. The following example shows you how to complete the calculations. 10

Methods of joining drains. The method that you use to join drains depends on whether you are using: 12

Table 3 shows you the basic procedure for excavating the drain layout. 13

Testing drains 15

Text 9 (1800) 17

Building a manhole 17

brickwork – кирпичная кладка 17

connection – соединение 17

cover=manhole cover – крышка смотрового колодца 17

haunching – пята трубы 17

open channel – лоток (канализационной трубы) 17

render – штукатурить, обмазывать 17

Making a brick manhole. You begin by excavating to the recommended depth in the correct position. The bricklayer will need enough space to work in. You should also leave space for a concrete base that is larger than the outer brickwork. 19

Notes: 20

cast the concrete base – забетонировать основание, залить бетонное основание 20

3.Answer the questions: 20

1.What is a manhole built for? 2. What does the size of a manhole depend on? 3. What is haunching? 4. What has to be done if the frame of the manhole cover is smaller than the base? 20

Text 10 (2600) 20

Septic tanks 20

3.Answer the questions: 23

1. When do we install a septic tank? 2. How does a septic tank work? 3. How long does it take daily waste water to pass through the tank? 4. What is the function of a grease trap? 5. What does the location of a septic tank depend on? 23

23

Text 11 (1400) 23

Discharging the effluent 23

2.Read and translate the text: 23

Seepage pits. Seepage pits are most successful on steeply slop­ing sites or very small plots. When the effluent enters the pit, it gradually seeps into the surrounding soil. The pits consist of one or more holes dug in the ground and lined with brick or blocks. The spaces between the material should be filled with stones. Put a concrete cover over the pit and add at least 300 mm soil on top. 24

Subsoil irrigation. A subsoil irrigation system consists of lengths of drains connected to the septic tank. About 5 metres of drainpipe is needed for each person using the tank. You can connect more than one drain run to the system. 24

Text 15 (3000) 33

The cold water supply 33

2.Read and translate the text 34

The storage tank . You should place the storage tank as high as possible in a building to provide enough water pressure to all the fittings. The tank can go in the roof space under a pitched roof or on top of a flat roof. Because a full tank of water weighs more than 500 kg, the roof or ceiling must be strong enough to take this load. 34

Hot water installations 35