To say, to stress, to wonder, to explain, to ask, to add, to hope, to regard, to believe, to think, to consider, to be sure, to insist, to respond, to reply. Dialogue 2

Task: study the dialogue between a British and an overseas lawyer:

F.: As I know you’ve retained capital punishment though you signed the European Convention.	Ин.: Насколько я знаю, Великобритания сохраняет высшую меру наказания, хотя вы подписали Европейскую Конвенцию.
Br.: It’s not applied de facto. Ultimate penalty is only retained for exceptional crimes such as wartime offences: high treason and so on. The purpose of every punishment is to re-educate and reform the offender. We don’t think death penalty serves the purpose.	А.: Она фактически не применяется. Высшая мера сохраняется только для исключительных преступлений, таких как правонарушения в условиях военного времени: измена и прочее. Целью всякого наказания является перевоспитание преступника. Мы полагаем, что высшая мера не служит этой цели.
F.: Each penalty involves several aims. And revenge is not the least of them as well as understandable wish to separate criminally-minded ones from the rest of society. How about living conditions in your prisons?	Ин.: Всякое наказание включает несколько целей. И месть – не последняя из них, так же как и понятное желание отделить людей с преступными склонностями от остального общества. А как насчет условий содержания в ваших тюрьмах?
Br.: They are perfectly admissible. We think imprisonment is a punishment in itself. It shouldn’t be aggravated.	А.: Они довольно сносные. Мы считаем, что заключение – это уже само по себе наказание. Его не следует усугублять.
F.: I don’t think bad conditions for prisoners necessarily mean a certain psychological approach. To my mind it’s a mere lack of money.	Ин.: Я не думаю, что плохие условия для заключенных непременно означают определенный психологический подход. По-моему, это просто нехватка денег.
Br.: Of course developing societies can’t afford proper prisons. Besides they generally have high crime rates which is due to their economic situation.	А.: Конечно, развивающиеся страны не могут позволить себе подходящие тюрьмы. К тому же, у них обычно высокий уровень преступности по причинам экономического положения.
F.: Do your courts tend to bring severe verdicts?	Ин.: Склонны ли ваши суды выносить суровые приговоры?
Br.: It depends. This was certainly the case in the 18th century England. Now we think harsh penalties simply compensate for inability to detect and catch offenders. Is it revenge? Is it to keep criminals out of society? Or is it to reform them?	А.: Это от многого зависит. И так оно определенно было в Англии 18-го века. А теперь мы считаем, что жестокое наказание просто компенсирует неспособность раскрывать преступления и ловить преступников. Является ли наказание местью? Должно ли оно держать преступников вне общества? Или оно должно исправлять их?
F.: I see. Each society chooses for itself. Each society gives priorities to what it has chosen.	Ин.: Понимаю. Каждое общество делает свой выбор. И каждое общество отдает приоритеты тому, что оно выбрало.

E x. 1. Find English equivalents to the following:

Сохраняет высшую меру наказания; фактически; для исключительных преступлений; правонарушения в условиях военного времени; служить этой цели; так же как и; понятный; с преступными склонностями; довольно сносные; его не следует усугублять; наказание само по себе; непременно; определенный психологический подход; нехватка денег; высокий уровень преступности; по причинам (из-за); склонны ли ваши суды; это от многого зависит; компенсирует неспособность; вне общества; делает свой выбор; отдает приоритеты.

E x. 2. Sum up the information you have learned. Use the following words and word combinations:

to retain capital punishment, to sign the European Convention, to apply, ultimate penalty, high treason, to reform, to serve the purpose, to involve several aims, as well as, understandable, to separate, criminally-minded, to be admissible, to aggravate, psychological approach, to afford, due to, a severe verdict, to compensate for, revenge, to give priorities to.

E x. 3. Insert the derivatives from the box:

to receive – reception, to deceive – deception, to prescribe – prescription, to perceive – perception.

1. Man cannot perceive comprehensibly the mystery of this creation though such _____ would make us cleverer and wiser. 2. Manager cannot receive them, he is not available at the moment. _______ hours are from 10 to 12 every morning. 3. Evidence received by force is not admitted by court. But if police deceive the suspect or somehow cheat him the court might find it admissible. So _____ is sometimes used during the investigation. 4. My doctor prescribed me a complete rest somewhere in a quiet country place and I am going to follow this _____ .

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Text "Homicide"

Part A Pre-listening activities

I. Make sure that you know the following words and word phrases:

to be involved in – to be mixed up in

to stab smb – to cut smb (to kill with a kinife0

rigid – harsh, challenging

sober – clear-headed

to discharge – to release

Part B Listening activities

I. As you listen to the tape, make brief notes to help you answer the following questions:

a) If you had been the judge would you have given a different sentence? (a lighter sentence or a more severe one)

b) Was justice done?

II. Listen to the tape-recording once more and complete the phrases:

a) Bernard Lewis became involved in ...

b) In a fit of rage he ...

c) The probation department's investigation indicated that ...

d) Lewis pleaded ...

e) The judge placed Lewis ...

f) On probation Lewis ...

g) A few years later he was discharged as ...

Part C After listening activities

I. Summarize Bernard Lewis’s case.

"Homicide"(tapescript)

Bernard Lewis, a thirty-six-old man, while preparing dinner became involved in an argument with his drunken wife. In a fit of a rage Lewis, using the kitchen knife with which he had been preparing the meal, stabbed and killed his wife. He immediately called for assistance, and readily confessed when the first patrolman appeared on the scene with the ambulance attendant. He pleaded guilty to manslaughter. The probation department's investigation indicated that Lewis was a rigid individual who never drank, worked regularly, and had no previous criminal record. His thirty-year-old deceased wife, and mother of three children, was a "fine girl" when sober but was frequently drunk and on a number of occasions when intoxicated had left their small children unattended. After due consideration of the background of the offence and especially of the plight of the three motherless youngsters, the judge placed Lewis on probation so that he could work, support, and take care of the children. On probation Lewis adjusted well, worked regularly, appeared to be developed to the children, and a few years later was discharged as "improved" from probation.