W ord Study

Ex. 1. Read the following. Mind the stress. State their meaning. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

'prior	en'forcement	,liqui'dation
'record	ack'nowledge	,infor'mation
'plaintiff	ex'change	,prepa'ration
'claim	in'spection
'relevant	rep'ly
	dis'pute

E x. 2. Complete the list of derivatives. Use a dictionary if necessary.

Verb	noun (agent)	noun (concept)
to inspect
to refer
to enforce
to copy	copyist	copy
to serve
to record
to claim
to liquidate
to deliver
to reserve

E x. 3. Pair the words in column B with the ones from column A.

B	1. summary	A	a) matters
	2. necessary		b) answer
	3. official		c) work
	4. specific		d) judgement
	5. brief		e) record
	6. debtor’s		f) steps
	7. plaintiff’s		g) goods
	8. preparatory		h) statement

E x. 4. Decide which verbs you would use with the noun phrases you have identified in ex. 3.

To serve; to define; to apply; to take; to contain; to cause; to do; to recover.

E x. 5. How are the following ideas expressed in the text.

1. the process by which the orders of a court may be enforced;

2. a legal order issued by the authority and in the name of the state to compel a person to do something;

3. affirmation, admission or declaration recognizing ownership, indicating authenticity, accepting responsibility, or undertaking an obligation to do something, such as pay a debt;

4. the one who initially brings the suit; he who, in a personal action, seeks a remedy in a court of justice for an injury to his rights;

5. statements, in logical and legal form, of the facts that constitute plaintiff’s cause of action and defendant’s ground of defence;

6. the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based;

7. it is not a mere answer or denial of plaintiff’s allegation, but asserts an independent cause of action in favor of defendant;

8. in legal practice, a point of fact or law disputed between parties to the litigation, generally an assertion by one side and denial by the other;

E x. 6. Match English and Russian equivalents.

to refer to	a) изучение документов;
prior proceedings	b) заочное решение суда в пользу истца (вследствие неявки ответчика);
the enforcement of the judgement	c) подавать жалобу против истца;
issuing and serving a writ	d) относятся к чему-либо;
the defendant acknowledges service	e) доставить расписку;
an exchange of pleadings	f) принуждение к исполнению решения суда;
inspection of documents	g) предшествующая процедура;
an official record	h) предмет судебных прений;
to enter a defence	i) представлять линию защиты;
to deliver acknowledgement	j) произносить заключительную речь;
to file a defence	k) обмен судебными прениями;
the object of pleadings	l) служба уведомления о получении;
to have a complaint against the plaintiff	m) выписывание и доставление повестки;
a default judgement	n) официальный протокол;
to make a closing speech.	o) приступить к защите.

E x. 7.   Choose the best alternative to complete the following sentences.

1. The proceedings prior to trial take much / little time.

2. Appeals procedure and the enforcement of the judgement are proceedings after / before the trial.

3. The usual method of commencing an action / arrest is to issue a writ / warrant.

4. The form of acknowledgment is served by the plaintiff / by the defendant with the writ.

5. A pleading must contain a brief / full statement of the facts relied on.

6. The trial starts / ends with the plaintiff’s barrister / solicitor outlining the issues.

7. Finally the defendant’s barrister and then the plaintiff’s barrister will make an opening / closing speech.

8. The judge / foreman presents the verdict.

E x. 8.   Complete the following sentences by adding the phrases given in part B.

Part A

1. The term “procedure” does not ...

2. Proceedings after trial may also take time in the form of ...

3. To issue a writ is ...

4. If a person on whom the writ is served proposes to enter a defence ...

5. The object of pleadings is ...

6. If the matter is not included in the pleadings ...

7. If either party needs more information ...

8. Between close of pleadings and trial ...

9. The trial starts ...

10. The final stage is ...

Part B.

1. much preparatory work must be done by the parties’ solicitors;

2. the usual method of commencing an action;

3. he may ask for further and better particulars of specific matters;

4. he must deliver an acknowledgment;

5. merely refer into trial itself;

6. it cannot be raised at the trial;

7. appeals procedure and the enforcement of the judgement;

8. to define the area of contention between the parties;

9. with the plaintiff’s barrister outlining the issues involved and calling witnesses;

10. the enforcement of the judgement.