Literature Review

Summary #1

The article “Car market in Kazakhstan” written by Sergey Abashin contains general information about the car market of our country and market development prognosis. The author wrote about economic condition and local consumers of automobiles. In addition, differences, advantages, and disadvantages of the Kazakhstan car market are presented.

Paraphrase #1

The actual car market all over the world depends on decreasing of abaction. In Kazakhstan, however, this mechanism works differently. If compared to the 2009, car park has grown by 55%. The total number of cars registered in Kazakhstan Republic was about 2.5 million. Almost every fifth Kazakh has a vehicle. When our country became the member of customs union with Russia and Belarus, Russian cars started to fill the market. Meanwhile, the general sale automobiles are German and Japanese cars. They share the local market of our country.

Unfortunately, Kazakhstan has not passed capitalism stage yet. This situation leads to demonstration of cars as the attribute of wealth and richness. So, everyone has desire to buy big outlander that shows prosperity. For this reason, the main consumers of automobiles are not only rich businessmen.

For today, the economic situation in Kazakhstan is not reliable enough according to the rate of corruption. State authorities are wholly in this black business. Expensive cars like Gelenwagens and Rolls Royces are bought for this money. On the other hand, middle class people drive traditional vehicles like Volkswagens and Toyotas.

Is there any automobile industry in our beautiful country? Yes, there is. There are several automotive companies like Astana Motors, Bipek Auto and Mercur Group. The companies “Bipek Auto” succeed because Kazakhstan has become the part of custom union. So, the city in the Eastern Kazakhstan, Uskamenagorsk provides three bordered countries with car of foreign brands: Chevrolet, Toyota (from 2013).

The next issue is sale of cars? It is true that not every Kazakh can afford new car from salon. It always happens between consumers and small dealers. Small dealers drive cars from Germany or Saud Arabia, and then sell them for bigger amount of money. However, the importation rate in our country reduced by 23% and was about 111 thousand cars. The other way is exchanging luxury cars for less expensive cars with money compensations.

It is expected that in the near future the local car market will have global change. Middle class cars will be replaced by luxury cars because of development of our country. The public transport will lose its users.

Summary #2

The author of the article “Toyota Camry 2006 car review” is Jack Biddle, who is the member of community “New Zealand Automobile Association”. As the title says, the whole article is about model of Toyota. The general overview of the car and main features are presented.

Paraphrase #2

It is surprising that Toyota Camry went on-sale in 1983 and has been manufactured till today. That’s because Camry has been very practical automobile. It is all about quality, durability and reliability. They call it shortly QDR. We can say only that the sixth generation of this model delivers these features. The new styling represents bolder lines. Raked out front and rear screens, a longer wheelbase, wider tracks and guard filling 16-inch wheel and tyres provide masculinity and a needed wider stance. The engineers omitted six-cylinders because petrol prices increased. So, this factor might scare away greedy consumers. The growth of sales is expected from export markets like Asia, North America and Europe.

All attributes as MP3/CD, cruise control, air conditioner with pollen filter, etc. are at their places. The problem that concerns me is safety of this model. According to the experts, all models have dual-stage driver and passenger front airbags, front-seat side airbags and front/rear curtain-shield airbags, an anti-lock braking system (ABS) with brake assist and electronic brake-force distribution. In my opinion, these are enough evidences to call this model safe enough.

Summary #3

The author of the article is Jack Biddle. He wrote mostly about general overview and model lineup since 2005. The article helps to animate picture of Audi A4 from view of expert. It revises connection between the past and the future.

Paraphrase #3

Presented model of Audi obviously new, it is what you can't see that is most changed. The 2005 A4 is wider and longer but no taller than its predecessor. It's larger inside with the most notable improvement to rear-seat legroom and it has a bigger trunk that is easier to load. The biggest developments are in a wheelbase, which is more than six inches longer than before, and cabin space that improves ride quality and handling.

The engine sizes of 2.0 and 3.2 liters have been revised. Each offers more power and better fuel economy than before. All three transmissions have been updated, also. Despite the modest size of A4 comes well-equipped with leather, moon roof and automatic climate controls are standard. Adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning and a half-kilowatt surround-sound system come standard.

The Audi A4 competes primarily against the Mercedes C-Class and BMW 3 Series. Also in its class are the Acura TSX and TL, the Infiniti G37 sedan, the Lexus IS, the Lincoln MKS, and the Volvo S40. The A4 has on average more passenger room than the BMW 328, Mercedes C300, or Lexus IS250, a larger trunk, more torque, better mileage and standard leather for a lower price.

In this case, I am very interested in BMW 3 Series because it really competes with this model.