3. Найдите герундий. Скажите, по каким признакам вы его нашли. Переведите предложения.

1. Mastering a foreign language thoroughly (основательно) is not easy. 2. I like reading such kinds of books. 3. He began reading this article two hours ago. 4. Reading such articles is quite necessary. 5. Reading aloud is recommended. 6. There are many ways of solving this problem. 7. They started charging batteries. 8. By burning coal we may heat water in a boiler. 9. Measuring resistance is necessary in many experiments. 10. Nowadays scientists are working out methods for utilizing atomic energy for general use in peaceful purposes.

4. Определите, каким членом предложения является герундий. Пере­ведите предложения.

1. Learning rules without examples is useless. 2. After fi­nishing the laboratory work clean your working places. 3. We can­not make any experiments without putting the apparatuses in order first. 4. The radio-set is an apparatus for receiving sound programmes. 5. We can produce heat by burning oil, gas or any other fuel. 6. Adding heat to a substance does not always cause a rise in its temperature. 7. You can separate salts from the liquid by cooling the solution. 8. After filtering the liquid, heat it. 9. The boiling temperature of water is 100°C. 10. Gases and li­quids return to their original form as soon as the applied force has stopped acting.

5. Укажите, по каким признакам можно отличить причастие I от герундия в данных предложениях.

1. Water changes into ice by freezing. One can't swim in a freezing river. 2. Experimenting is a scientific method. Every experimenting scientist works in a laboratory. 3. Look at the swimming children. Swimming is a good physical exercise. 4. Melt­ing begins with warm weather. The melting snow flows down from the roofs through a pipe. 5. The doctor recommended sleeping in the open air. The woman carried the sleeping child in her arms. 6. One of the chemical processes is burning. Every burning thing produces smoke. 7. Boiling takes place at different temperatures. Boiling milk may run over. 8. Growing is a natural process of a living organism. Growing children need good food and physical exercise. 9. All young people finishing their studies at school must think of their future profession. 10. Choosing a profession is not easy.

6. Переведите предложения, учитывая, что выделенные глагольные формы выполняет разные функции. Укажите, какое место занимает каждая из этих форм в предложении, и чем она является.

1. People sending a telegram should write in a clear hand filling a telegraph form. 2. Pouring boiling water into a glass, do not forget putting a spoon inside. 3. Slowing down speed the car passed a group of children playing in the street. 4. Speaking of nations fighting for freedom, the lecturer illustrated his words by reading extracts from foreign newspapers. 5. The expe­dition exploring Siberia found rare minerals lying deep under the ground.

7. Замените придаточные предложения герундием, используя предлоги, данные в скобках. Переведите предложения.

1. When they entered the house, they heard the last bell ringing. (on) 2. Thank you that you invited me to the theatre. (for) 3. The woman insisted that her husband should consult the doctor at once. (on) 4. She couldn’t even think that the operation might be postponed. (of) 5. There was little hope that James would return on the same day. (of) 6. The pleasant-faced middle-aged woman insisted that Olga should come to her town to teach. (on). 7. There is a possibility that my father will join us for the trip. (of). I don’t mind if you walk to the underground station with me.

Т Е К С T

Прочитайте и переведите текст. Найдите герундий, определите его функцию в предложении.

GREEN GOLD

Three hundreds years ago when the first emigrants from Europe landed on the territory of the present-day United States they found thick forests which covered almost half of the land. In the east the forests were so thick that a squirrel could travel from the Atlantic as far as the Mississippi river jumping from tree to tree.

The work of clearing an open ground, which the emigrants needed for cultivating crops and building huts, required much labour. At that time the country was in great need of all kinds of building materials.

Selling timber became a profitable business, exporting it to western Europe brought much profit.

Hundreds of businessmen came to the forests and started falling the trees over thousands of acres. Their only purpose was getting dollars. The businessmen took only good and strong timber for building material, while old trees remained lying on the ground. These trees easily caught fire causing still greater damage.

From year to year people living at great distances saw thick clouds of smoke darkening the sky. The fire killed every living thing and turned the land into a desert. Cutting out the forests resulted not only in the decrease of timber but also in the destruction of the once rich soil. Unprotected soil easily dries up and becomes unfit for cultivating.

Forests are the best water holders and soil protectors. The thick mass of leaves at the base of the trees quickly absorb the rain falling in sudden storms over a forest. Later the same water comes to the surface again in the form of streams. The shade that trees give is another reason why forests help in controlling moisture: delaying melting of the snow forests help in filling the rivers.

Forests hold the soil in place not letting the rain to wash it away. By saving the soil forests help in keeping the water clear and pure. In places where there are no forests, rain wa­ters quickly find their way into the rivers washing away the rich upper soil and filling rivers with sand and mud.

Forests play an important port in affecting the climate. At night trees make the radiation of heat from the ground under them much slower. Large groups of trees protect the land from strong winds and may greatly decrease their strength. Hot winds kill the crops.