20. Переведите следующие предложения, определите форму сказуемого.

1. These data were not included into the paper. 2. The labo­ratory is provided with the most modern equipment. 3. Researches conducted in the laboratory are usually followed with great inte­rest. 4. This new method is being widely discussed. 5. References to this work have been often made lately. 6. These two under­ground lines will be linked in the nearest future. 7. The scien­tists working there are well-known in our country as well as abroad. 8. What is the text concerned with? 9. Very little re­search has been done in the field. 10. An interesting and very important experiment was being made at that hour. 11. This pro­blem is being given much attention о at present.

21. Переведите, пользуясь словами "должно быть", "возможно", "вероятно".

1. Some facts about electricity must have been known long before our era. 2. The strength and safety of ancient bridges could have been verified by expert mathematicians. 3. The idea of a knife may have been given to man by a sharp stone used for cutting. 4. The first tools must have served for defence against man's enemies. 3. The prototype of a stone house maу have been a natural cave.

V. Четыре значения глагола то be

1) to be + имя (сущ., прил.) - смысловой глагол - "быть, находиться, располагаться, являться, состоять в том, чтобы ...., заключаться в том..., представлять собой";

He was a member of this committee. - Он являлся членом этого комитета.

The book is a collection of stories. - Книга представляет собой сборник рассказов.

2) to be +Infinitive (инфинитив с частицей to) - модальньй глагол "должен" (по плану или договоренности);

The train is to come at 5 о’clock. - Поезд должен прибыть в 5 часов.

3) to be + Participle I (-ing) - вспомогательный глагол для образования Continuous Tensе (не переводится);

They are writing now. - Они пишут сейчас.

4) to be + Participle П (V3/-ed) - вспомогательный глагол для образования Passive Voice;

The work is done well. - Работу выполняют хорошо.

ТРИ ЗНАЧЕНИЯ ГЛАГОЛА to have

1) To have + сущ. – смысловой глагол “иметь”;

I have a book. – Я имею (у меня есть) книгу.

2) To have + инфинитив с частицей to – модальный глагол «должен, вынужден, приходится»;

I have to do this work. – Я должен (вынужден) делать эту работу.

3) To have + Participle II – вспомогательный глагол для образования Perfect Tense (не переводится);

He has come. – Он пришел.

Exercises

1. Переведите предложения, принимая по внимание разные значения и функции глагола "to be". Пользуйтесь словами -"есть", "нет", "представляет собой", "является", "находится", " состоит в том, чтобы", "это значит", "должен".

1. There are many power stations in our country. 2. They are built in many places. 3. The Krasnoyarsk station is near Krasnoyarsk. 4. It is the largest station in the our country. 5. Our plan is to build many new electric stations. 6. They will be built along big rivers. 7. To build new electric stations is to develop our industry. 8. It is very important for the process of our country. 9. There are no seas in our region. 10. This problem is to be solved by experiment.11. The new seas are to give water to the new canals. 12. New seas are made in order to have big reser­voirs of water for irrigation. 13. Venus is a planet. 14. When Venus is in the east, it shines in the early morning hours. 15. When Venus is in the west, it is seen in the evening.