1. CHEMISTRY

1. CHEMISTRY: KEY TO PROGRESS AND ABUNDANCE

The chemical industry now holds second place in the world in overall volume of production. Much credit for this is due to our scientists whose research has won world-wide recognition. The classical works by Mendelyeev, Butlerov, Zelinsky, Zaitzev, Lebedev, Favorsky and many others served as a theoretical basis for the development of the chemical industry. They also helped the Soviet Union to set up a number of modern branches of the chemical industry. The close links between science and industry enabled the chemical industry to make great progress.

The Soviet Union was the first country to organize large-scale production of synthetic rubber.

Zelinsky’s works formed the basis for the synthesizing of a large number of new chemical compounds. These compounds are now counted in thousands, and they are extremely important in the country’s economy. Soviet scientists evolved an original method of extracting phenol and acetone simultaneously from benzene and propylene. Phenol and acetone are needed for the manufacture of plastics, textile fibres, organic glass and other chemical products.

Scientists are making a major contribution to the production of aniline dyes, and many new dyes have been evolved with their help.

The research of Soviet scientists has revealed the physical and physico-chemical conditions necessary for the industrial production and processing of polymeric materials.

The theory of chain reactions is a major discovery of our time. The development of this theory is linked with the name of the Soviet scientist Semyonov, a Nobel Prize winner.

The successes achieved by chemistry and engineering have played an important part in our country’s achievements in space.

Soviet scientists work closely with chemists in other socialist countries. Chemists in the USSR and the GDR have evolved a highly automated process for the production of polyethelene under high pressure. Soviet and Czechoslovak specialists have worked out an electrolyzer for the production of aluminium. In chemistry, as in all branches of economy, the Soviet Union has economic ties with many countries of the world.

The Soviet Union has now entered a stage of scientific and technological progress. The development of the chemical science and technology is subordinated to solving the economic and social tasks facing Soviet society and to making social production more efficient.

Chemists are working on the problems of processing of minerals, and obtaining new materials with pre-programmed properties, metal alloys, silicates and other non-organic substances, various plastics and polymers. Research is being done in the fields of fine organic synthesis.

Our country is successfully intensifying economic development.