Section 32.5 Nuclear Fusion
33. Determine the amount of energy released in the following
reaction:
.
Use the following information for your calculation:
has
a mass of 2.014 102 u,
has
a mass of
4.002 603 u, and 1 u = 931.5 MeV.
(a) 0.20 MeV (c) 23.8 MeV (e) 7480 MeV
(b) 11.9 MeV (d) 257 MeV
34. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the
reaction
where
has
a mass of 2.014 u;
has
a mass of 4.003 u;
has
a mass of 6.015 u; and
1 u = 931.5 MeV?
(a) The reaction releases 14 MeV. (d) The reaction requires 14 MeV to occur.
(b) The reaction releases 21 MeV. (e) The reaction requires 21 MeV to occur.
(c) The reaction releases 36 MeV.
35. Determine the amount of energy released in the following
reaction:
where = 4.002 603 u and = 12.000 000 u.
(a) 2.27 MeV (c) 3.73 MeV (e) 7.27 MeV
(b) 3.01 MeV (d) 4.37 MeV
36. Which one of the following statements is the best explanation as to why nuclear fusion is not at present used to generate electric power?
(a) Fusion produces too much radiation.
(b) Fusion requires isotopes that are scarce.
(c) Fusion processes can result in nuclear explosions.
(d) Fusion results in large amounts of radioactive waste.
(e) Fusion requires very high temperatures that are difficult to contain.
37. Determine the amount of energy released in the following
reaction:
where the masses are
(a) 2.02 eV (c) 2.02 MeV (e) 8.00 MeV
(b) 4.03 eV (d) 4.03 MeV
38. Determine the nucleon number A in the following
nuclear fusion reaction:
.
(a) 11 (c) 14 (e) 13
(b) 16 (d) 15
39. How many kilowatt hours
of energy are released from 25 g of deuterium
fuel in the fusion reaction:
where the masses are
= 2.014 102 u and
= 4.002 603 u.
Notes: Ignore the energy carried off by the gamma ray. Conversion factors: 1 kWh = 3.600 106 J;
1 eV = 1.602 1019 J.
(a) 1 106 kWh (c) 3 106 kWh (e) 5 106 kWh
(b) 2 106 kWh (d) 4 106 kWh
40. One of the nuclear fusion reactions that occurs in stars is:
where the masses are
= 20.993 849 u;
= 4.002 603 u;
= 23.985 042 u; and
= 1.008 665 u. How much energy is released in this reaction?
(a) 2.557 MeV (c) 6.452 MeV (e) 9.370 MeV
(b) 4.572 MeV (d) 8.493 MeV
Section 32.6 Elementary Particles
41. Note the forces:
(1) weak nuclear force (3) gravitational force
(2) strong nuclear force (4) electromagnetic force
Through which force(s) can leptons interact?
(a) only 1 (c) only 1 and 2 (e) only 1, 3, and 4
(b) only 2 (d) only 2, 3 and 4
42. In the medical diagnostic technique known as positron emission tomography (PET), a positron and an electron annihilate each other and two ray photons are emitted. What is the angle between the momentum vectors of the two photons?
(a) zero degrees (c) 90° (e) Any angle is possible.
(b) 45° (d) 180°
43. Of the reactions listed below, which will not proceed via the strong interaction?
(a) 
(d) 
(b) 
(e) 
(c) 
44. A sigma particle, initially at rest, decays into a lambda
particle and a photon:
.
Determine the kinetic energy of the lambda particle if the energy of
the photon is 74 MeV. The rest energies are 1192 MeV and 1116 MeV
for the sigma and lambda particles, respectively.
(a) 2 MeV (c) 74 MeV (e) 1118 MeV
(b) 9 MeV (d) 248 MeV
45. In the reaction
,
the proton was initially at rest. The final kinetic energies of the
neutron and the pion are 0.4 MeV and 2.9 MeV, respectively.
Determine the initial kinetic energy of the .
The rest energies are:
= 139.6 MeV; 0 =
135.0 MeV; p = 938.3 MeV; and n = 939.6 MeV.
(a) 2.5 MeV (c) 139.6 MeV (e) zero electron volts
(b) 3.4 MeV (d) 279.2 MeV
46. Which one of the following particles completes the reaction:
(a) + (c) (e)
(b) – (d) K
47. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the proton?
(a) The proton cannot be further subdivided.
(b) The proton is composed of two up quarks and a down quark.
(c) The proton is composed of two down quarks and an up quark.
(d) The proton is composed of a down quark and an up antiquark.
(e) The proton is composed of an up quark and a down antiquark.
48. Which one of the following particles is not a baryon?
(a) proton (c) pion (e) lambda particle
(b) neutron (d) sigma particle
49. Which one of the following particles is not a member of the hadron family?
(a) pion (c) muon (e) proton
(b) neutron (d) kaon
50. Which one of the following particles is not composed of quarks?
(a) neutron (c) pion (e) proton
(b) muon (d) kaon
51. How many members are in the photon family?
(a) 1 (c) 3 (e) 5
(b) 2 (d) 4
52. Which one of the following statements concerning pions is true?
(a) They are stable particles.
(b) They belong to the lepton family.
(c) They are composed of three quarks.
(d) They only exist in two charge states.
(e) They interact with protons via the strong interaction.
53. What is the antiparticle of an electron?
(a) (c) electron (self) (e) +
(b) + (d) photon
54. Which one of the following names is not one that is used to name quarks?
(a) charm (c) strange (e) down
(b) top (d) exotic
55. Which one of the following statements about the standard model is false?
(a) The weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are manifestations of a more
fundamental interaction called the electroweak interaction.
(b) The strong nuclear force between quarks is described in terms of the concept of color.
(c) The standard model provides an explanation for the strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces.
(d) The gravitational force and the strong nuclear force are manifestations of a more fundamental