Physics,
7e TEST BANK
Section 32.1 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
1. Complete the following statement: The term ionizing radiation does not apply to
(a) alpha particles. (c) X-ray photons. (e) radio photons.
(b) electrons. (d) positrons.
2. What absorbed dose of protons with an RBE of 10 will cause the same damage to biological tissue as a 200 rd dose of neutrons that have an RBE of 2.6?
(a) 3.8 rd (c) 26 rd (e) 520 rd
(b) 20 rd (d) 52 rd
3. A radiologist absorbs 3.6 10–5 J of radiation. Determine the absorbed dose if his mass is 70.0 kg.
(a) 1.9 107 Gy (c) 2.6 107 Gy (e) 5.1 107 Gy
(b) 2.3 107 Gy (d) 3.6 107 Gy
4. A physicist wishes to measure the exposure of a beam of gamma rays. The beam is passed through 2.00 102 kg of dry air at STP. The beam produces positive ions in the air which have a total charge of 3.87 106 C. What is the exposure (in roentgens) of the beam?
(a) 7.74 108 R (c) 3.25 102 R (e) 1.25 R
(b) 1.94 104 R (d) 0.750 R
5. Complete the following statement: The average biologically equivalent dose of radiation from consumer products received by a resident of the United States is about
(a) 10 mrem/yr. (c) 20 mrem/yr. (e) 200 mrem/yr.
(b) 15 mrem/yr. (d) 50 mrem/yr.
6. Which source of radiation contributes most to the average biological equivalent dose received by
a United States resident?
(a) radon gas (c) consumer products (e) medical diagnostics
(b) cosmic rays (d) internal radioactive nuclei
7. A medical researcher wishes to compare the tissue damage produced by slow neutrons, which have a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 2.2, to that produced by fast neutrons with an RBE of 8.8. For the slow neutrons, the absorbed dose is 560 rd. What absorbed dose (in rd) of fast neutrons will produce the same biologically equivalent dose (in rem) as that for the slow neutrons?
(a) 140 rd (c) 560 rd (e) 2240 rd
(b) 29 rd (d) 310 rd
8. A single, whole-body dose of 450 rem is considered a lethal dose for approximately fifty percent of all individuals receiving such a dose. If a 62-kg person were exposed to such a dose of radiation that has an RBE of 0.845, how much energy has the person absorbed?
(a) 480 J (c) 75 J (e) 330 J
(b) 5.3 J (d) 120 J
9. A beam of 4.5-MeV neutrons is directed at a 0.030-kg tissue sample. Each second, 1.5 106 neutrons strike the sample. If the relative biological effectiveness of these neutrons is 7.0, what biologically equivalent dose (in rem) is received by the sample in 65 seconds?
(a) 0.23 rem (c) 1.6 rem (e) 33 rem
(b) 0.55 rem (d) 19 rem
10. A biological tissue is irradiated with neutrons. The biologically equivalent dose of the neutrons is 5.0 102 rem. Determine the RBE of the neutrons if the absorbed dose is 250 rd.
(a) 0.5 (c) 4.0 (e) 25
(b) 2.0 (d) 5.0
11. What radiation absorbed dose of slow neutrons (RBE = 2.5) is equivalent to a dose of 35.0 rad of fast neutrons (RBE = 9.0)?
(a) 9.7 rad (c) 160 rad (e) 320 rad
(b) 130 rad (d) 260 rad
12. A 75-kg worker is accidentally exposed to a 44-rad dose of gamma radiation. How much energy does the worker absorb?
(a) 25 J (c) 74 J (e) 33 J
(b) 17 J (d) 59 J