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8. Comment on the following statement:

On one occasion Aristotle was asked how much educated men were superior to those uneducated: «as much,» said he, «as the living are to the dead.»

9. Points for discussion and a role-play:

  • How do you understand the expression “The freedom of choice”?

  • What is it necessary to do to achieve freedom in your own understanding?

  • Is it possible to speak about complete freedom ? Is God absolutely free?

  • Aristotle wrote: «Man is a political being in nature». Is this idea still urgent nowadays?

  • Plato and Aristotle discuss methods of teaching. Make up a dialogue.

  • Aristotle is a keen critic of Plato. What subjects could they argue about?

10. Test your logic:

As Holmes and Watson sat at dinner table waiting for Mrs. Hudson to serve another of her famous concoctions, Holmes produced a pack of playing cards. He selected five cards and placed them, face down, in a straight line in front of Watson. “Right, Watson,” said Holmes finally. “In front of you are five cards. They are made up of two diamonds, one heart, one spade and one club. Of these, two are Queens, while the other three are made up of a King, a Knave and an Ace. Match up the cards and tell me where they lie in the line up!”

“Pardon?” said Watson as he sat there with a blank expression on his face.

Holmes explained it all again, then provided Watson with the following clues:

  1. Two cards separate the two Queens.

  2. There are no two red cards together.

  3. The third card is a king.

  4. The Knave has a heart to its left and a King to its right.

  5. One of the Queens is a spade.

10. Can you provide the answers?

11. Summarize the text in a paragraph of about 200 words. Unit 4 machiavelli

Learn the topical vocabulary:

представлять

envision

колебаться

fluctuatе

средства

means

наказание

punishment

милосердие

charity

благочестие

godliness

воспитание

upbringing

порок

vice

коррупция

corruption

поощрение

encouragement

справедливый

just

ущерб

damage

противостоять

withstand/resist

сопровождать

accompany

Pre-text activities:

  1. Write out in order 10 words, phrases or definitions best describing your character.

Analyze them from the best ones to the worst ones. Which of them can be treated as positive, negative or neutral? Which two traits will your friend consider as most characteristic and which two the least ones? Will his/her choice coincide with yours?

  1. Exercise on developing your imagination:

  • If you could become an animal, which one will you prefer? Why?

  • If you could change with some other person, whom will you choose? Why?

  • If you could go to some other place on the Earth or epoch, which one would you prefer? Why?