6. Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский.

1. Международная организация Гринпис была основана в 1971 году.

2. Региональные офисы Гринпис имеются в 45 странах.

3. Где была основана организация Гринпис?

4. Данная организация известна своими компаниями по защите окружающей среды.

5. Экологов и экспертов уже встретили и отвезли на место катастрофы.

6. В прошлом году был подписан ряд соглашений по предотвращению загрязнения океанической среды.

7. Железные дороги рассматриваются как экологически чистый вид транспорта.

8. Очистительные сооружения будут построены к концу следующего года.

9. Метро строилось как экологически чистый вид транспорта.

10. Экологически грязные технологии не должны применяться на современных предприятиях.

7. Прочитайте отрывок из текста и выразите его суть короткой фразой.

In addition to such methods as lobbying politicians and attendance at international conferences, Greenpeace has a stated methodology of engaging in nonviolent direct actions to draw attention to particular environmental causes.

8. Прочитайте текст во второй раз и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the goal of Greenpeace?

2. When was Greenpeace founded?

3. Where are the national offices of Greenpeace located?

4. What is Greenpeace known for?

5. What are the main environmental issues of today?

6. What are the main sources of income of Greenpeace?

7. How did Greenpeace get its name?

8. What does Greenpeace do now?

9. How does Greenpeace attract attention to particular environmental causes?

10. Why does Greenpeace have so many followers?

9. Составьте план текста.

10. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по заданной теме.

11. Назовите дополнительную информацию к предложенной теме, не указанную в тексте.

12. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.

13. Найдите (в электронных или печатных СМИ) материал о деятельности международной организации Гринпис. Подготовьте краткое выступление, продолжительностью не более пяти минут.

Приложение 2.

Часть 2. Самостоятельная работа студента.

I. Ознакомьтесь с содержанием данного текстового материала и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What information in the text was new for you?

2. Is this material actual and up-to-date? Give your comments.

3. Why do you think that it is important for a student to know additional material?

Transport Ecology

Every human activity has a minor or major effect on the environment. Railway transport industry also impacts negatively on nature by building railroads and industrial enterprises. The operation of railways and rolling stock lead to great fuel and energy consumption and exhaust fumes from diesel locomotives contain a lot of harmful substances.

Construction and functioning of railways is connected with pollution of natural complexes by emissions, drains and waste which break the balance in ecological systems. However, in comparison with other means of transport railways are more environmentally friendly. Thus, electrified railways can carry large volumes of passengers with essentially no pollution at the train, while diesel-powered trains generate fifteen times less harmful substances than automobiles for the same traffic.

The origin of noise from rail traffic usually comes from the engine of rolling stock, wheel-rail interaction, pantograph-contact wire and aerodynamic effects during the movement of the train.

The most efficient way for the reduction of rail noise is the proper track layout and reduction of noise of the diesel engine. However, if the rail nose cannot be reduced in origin, then the solution is in noise barriers. They should be placed as close as possible to the track and have a height no less than 2 meters. In addition noise barriers should be made of special absorbing materials for additional noise reduction.

The transport sector consumes annually 1/3 of the total energy in the world community. Railways have the lowest unit energy consumption compared to other transport modes. Besides, in electrified railways, energy can come from clean forms such as hydro power stations rather than from oil. People have already assessed the advantage of electrified railways especially now when the oil reserves are becoming exhaustible.

Finally, land occupation is much less for rail transport than for other transport modes and specifically three times less than for road transport. For the purposes of comparison with airplanes, it is important to mention that the high-speed Paris-Lyons line (a distance of 427 km), occupies as much space as the Paris airport at Roissy. Different methods based on new technologies can help people use railway transport in the most efficient way.