УЧЕБНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

Тема – Экология. Экология и защита окружающей среды. Грамматика – Пассивный залог. Словообразование – Слова интернационального значения. Словарь к теме. Ecology and Environmental Protection 1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь и запомните их. - pollute - загрязнять - irreversible - необратимый - suffer - страдать - urban - городской - to expand - расширять - exhaust fumes – выхлопные газы - substance - вещество - oxygen - кислород - ozone layer – озоновый слой - in accordance - в соответствии - carbon tax - налог на выбросы углекислого газа - acid rain – кислотный дождь - disappearance - исчезновение - trash - отбросы - acute - острый, критический - concern – забота, обеспокоенность, заботиться - release - выброс - meltdown - разрушение из-за расплавления - fallout – выпадение осадков - contamination – загрязнение, заражение - tin - олово - payoff - расплата - eventually- в конечном счете, в итоге, со временем - eliminate - устранять, исключать, ликвидировать - facilitate - способствовать 2. Повторите за диктором новые слова, пользуясь сетевым словарем.(см .Приложение 9). 3. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод: - to suffer many ecological problems – страдать от многих экологических проблем - urban air pollution – городское загрязнение воздуха - destroys the ozone layer – разрушать озоновый слой - put trash into sea – выбрасывать отбросы в море - water shortage – нехватка воды - the abuse of arable lands – неправильное обращение с пахотными землями - radioactive particles – радиоактивные частицы - to introduce a special carbon tax – ввести специальный налог на выбросы углекислого газа - chemical pollutants – химические загрязняющие вещества 4. Переведите следующие слова. Почему их можно перевести без словаря? Radioactive, international, ozone, effect, material, system, automobile. 5. Запишите слова и подберите синонимы к ним. shortage, problem, eliminate, contamination, downfall, protect 6. Запишите слова и подберите антонимы ним. disappearance, heavy, urban, reversible, domestic, thick 7. Допишите термин к предложению. 1. A large territory of the Ukraine was exposed to radiation after the catastrophe at the Chernobyl nuclear power ….. . 2. ….. effect is much spoken about. 3. A lot of ecological and environmental problems are successfully solved by the international organization known as ........ 8. Выберите правильное определение к заданным словам 1) particle 2) nature 3) pollution a) all living things and the elements of the Earth b) wild animals and plants collectively c) a minimum portion or fragment d) the basic on which an organism lives e) harmful substance introduced into an environment f) strange scent outdoors 9. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме "Страдательный залог". Приложение № 3. 10. Выберите правило, которое точно соответствовало бы предложению. 1) Plastics can be reused. 2) The delegates have been asked to adopt a new carbon tax agreement. 3) Much noise is produced by railways. 4) Two new environmentally friendly transport lines were opened on Monday. a) We use this form in order to move important information to the beginning of the sentence. (What form is it?) b) We use this form when the performer of the action is general or unimportant. (What form is it?) c) We use this form when we want to show who or what performs the action. (What form is it?) d) We use this form with verbs without objects. (What form is it?) e) We use this form after Model Verbs. (What form is it?) 11. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык. 1. Urban air is polluted by motor vehicles. 2. Tokyo has such a serious air-pollution problem that oxygen is supplied to policemen who direct traffic at busy interchanges. 3. It was suggested to introduce a special carbon tax in order to reduce the greenhouse effect. 4. Campaign against tin cans and trash has been begun by the media. 5. Exhaust fumes are made by the engines of automobiles. 6. A lot of harmful substances are thrown out into the atmosphere by modern transport including railways. 7 To avoid the pollution of rivers a number of purifying systems is being built. 8. When people construct and exploit railways the structure of surroundings can be greatly changed. 12. Составьте 5 вопросов к данному предложению. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Kiev suffered a fire and partial meltdown, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles.
13. Составьте предложения из предложенных в каждой цепочке слов. 1) were, urgent, to, taken, of, measures, avoid, the, rivers, pollution. 2) now, the, layer, is, protective, destroyed, ozone, being. 3) emitter, to, transport, is, air, considered, pollution, important, be, an. 14. Найдите лишнее слово в данной цепочке 1) pollution, infection, contamination, purifying, soiling, impurity 2) harmful, destructive, poisonous, damaging, hurtful, healthful Text 1
Ecology and Environmental Protection.

Ecology is the study of the environment and the way plants, animals, and humans live together and affect each other. This word came from the Greek ‘oikos’ which means ‘home’. The problem of protecting nature is of primary importance today. Through their daily activities people pollute water, air, soil. If we do not stop these activities the damage may become irreversible. The Earth is suffering many ecological problems. One of them is air pollution. Urban air pollution continues to expand as a result of the increased number of motor vehicles. Exhaust fumes from the engines of automobiles contain a number of polluting substances. Tokyo has such a serious air-pollution problem that oxygen is supplied to policemen who direct traffic at busy interchanges. Milan, Ankara; Mexico City, and Buenos Aires face similar problems. Air pollution destroys the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light of the Sun. In accordance with the Kyoto agreement it was suggested to introduce a special carbon tax in order to reduce the greenhouse effect. One of the climatic effects of air pollution is acid rain. It is damaging to water, forest, and soil resources. It is blamed for the disappearance of fish from many lakes, for the widespread death of forests in European mountains, and for damaging tree throughout the world. Acid rain has been reported in areas as far apart as Sweden and Canada, and in parts of the Russian Federation from Moscow to the Urals. The second important problem is water pollution. Plants and factories put trash into seas, lakes and rivers. Many birds and fish die because of the polluted water. Another acute problem is water shortage resulting from the abuse of arable lands in agriculture. People also concern over the dangers resulting from massive releases of radioactive materials from nuclear weapons, which, if used on a major scale, could seriously endanger all of humanity. Another concern is accidents at nuclear power plants. In 1978 a nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania suffered a severe accident leading to partial meltdown of its radioactive core. In 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant near Kiev suffered a fire and partial meltdown, resulting in a major release of radioactive particles. Much of northern and eastern Europe experienced heavy nuclear fallout. Industries located along waterways downstream contribute a number of chemical pollutants, some of which are toxic. Another form of pollution typical for industrial societies is noise. Waste is an enormous problem too. A third of all waste is burnt which leads to contamination of air, water and soil. That is why waste recycling is so important in most European countries. In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The media have begun to campaign against tin cans and trash. Protection of natural resources and wildlife is becoming a political programme in every country. Numerous anti-pollution acts adopted in different countries have led to considerable improvements in environment. Non-political environmental organisation Greenpeace has gained widespread trust and support. In many countries purifying systems for treatment of industrial waters have been installed and measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil waters. To protect nature people should change their attitude to it. Man should stop taking from it everything he needs, he must give it his love instead. Otherwise the payoff will be too high. It is good that eventually people started to realize that they should keep air and water clean by establishing strict pollution control. Efforts are being made to reduce pollution from automobiles by developing pollution-free engines which may eventually eliminate more serious air pollution problems. Moreover, the strong public reaction can facilitate the exercise of the absolute pollution control in various contaminated industries.

1. Прочитайте текст и разбейте его на абзацы.

2. Озаглавите каждую часть текста и передайте содержание каждого абзаца одним предложением.

3. Выделите основную идею текста и запишите ее на английском языке.

4. Прочитайте следующие предложения и назовите, какие предложения не соответствует информации в тексте.

1. Chernobyl explosion was in 1986.

2. A lot of international organizations deal with the environmental problems, one of them is NATO.

3. Motor vehicles are the main source of air pollution.

4. The seas are also in danger.

5. Допишите предложения, поставив выделенные слова в правильную форму.

1. In the 19^th century urban air pollution was widespread only in ….. ( industry) towns.

2. Environmental organisation Greenpeace is not associated with any ...... (policy) party.

3. A number of chemical (pollute) ..... was launched into the atmosphere.

6. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Реки, моря и озера загрязняются заводами и фабриками.

2. Огромный вред был нанесен сельскому хозяйству, природе и человеческому здоровью в результате взрыва на Чернобыльской АЭС.

3. Многочисленные кампании по защите окружающей среды проводятся неправительственной организацией Гринпис.

4. Воздух в городе наполняется выхлопными газами.

5. Контроль загрязнения внедрен на различных промышленных предприятиях.

6. Специальный налог на выбросы углекислого газа будет вводиться в ряде стран.

7. Все чаще проблемы окружающей среды обсуждаются в СМИ.

8. Разрушается ли озоновый слой из-за загрязнения воздуха?

9. Какие действия будут предприняты для борьбы с загрязнением воздуха в вашем городе?

10. Реки и моря будут защищены от нефтяных выбросов.

7. Прочитайте смысловой кусок и передайте его содержание одним предложением.

In recent years the pollution problems have received great publicity. The media have begun to campaign against tin cans and trash. Protection of natural resources and wildlife is becoming a political programme in every country. Numerous anti-pollution acts adopted in different countries have led to considerable improvements in environment. Non-political environmental organisation Greenpeace has gained widespread trust and support.

8. Прочитайте текст во второй раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. How do people pollute land, water and air?

2. Why does urban air pollution continue to expand?

3. What was suggested to introduce in order to reduce the greenhouse effect?

4. What do acid rains cause?

5. What accidents at nuclear power plants are mentioned in the text?

6. When were the attempts to control pollution initiated?

7. What systems have been installed in many countries?

8. What is being made to reduce pollution from automobile engines?

9. What should people do to protect nature?

10. What can facilitate the exercise of the absolute pollution control?

9. Опираясь на информацию текста, сделайте краткое сообщение по заданной теме.

10. Назовите дополнительную информацию к предложенной теме, не указанную в тексте.

11. Составьте аннотацию к тексту.

12. Просмотрев учебную презентацию по заданной теме, подготовьте свою презентацию, продолжительностью не более пяти минут, целью которой является раскрыть сущность одной из экологических проблем и описать способы ее решения.

II.

Тема – Экология. Экология и защита окружающей среды.

Грамматика – Пассивный залог.

Словообразование – Слова интернационального значения.

Словарь к теме.

Text 2.

Greenpeace

1. Запишите данные слова в тетрадь. Найдите перевод этих слов в словаре и запомните их.

charitable

codename

relief

groundwork

bottom trawling

attendance

extinction

2. Повторите за диктором новые слова, пользуясь сетевым словарем.(см .Приложение 9).

3. Запишите и запомните следующие словосочетания и их перевод:

expose problem – выявить проблему

force solution – пробивать решение, инициировать решение

receive income - получать доход

charitable foundation – благотворительный фонд

underground nuclear bomb test – подземные испытания ядерной бомбы

lay the groundwork for – заложить основу

draw attention – привлекать внимание

environmental cause – экологический процесс

4. Найдите синонимы в данной цепочке слов

affect, damage, impact, contain, urban, poisonous, modern, comprise, destroy, toxic, town, new

5. Найдите антонимы в данной цепочке слов

different, ugly, busy, high, similar, free, useful, mild, pretty, severe, low, harmful

6. Допишите термин к предложению.

1. It is proved that increased number of motor vehicles has led to urban air ….. .

2. The Earth is protected from the dangerous sun light by the ozone ...... .

3. Water, forest and soil recourses are severely damaged by ….. rains.

7. Можно ли перевести эти слова без словаря?

Independent, non-governmental, non-violent, underground

8. Выберите правильное определение к заданным словам

1) substance 2) layer 3) environment

a) microorganisms produced in cells b) external conditions or surroundings c) internal conditions d) physical material from which something is made e) stratum f) lever

9. Изучите грамматический раздел модуля по теме "Страдательный залог". Приложение № 3.

10. Выберите правило, которое точно соответствовало бы предложению.

1) All students are taught to protect nature. 2) Metal can be extracted from old chips. 3) A new ecological project has just been launched. 4) Much harm is done by acid rains.

a) We use this form to move important information to the beginning of the sentence. (What form is it?) b) We use this form when the performer of the action is general or unimportant. (What form is it?) c) We use this form when we want to show who or what performs the action. (What form is it?) d) We use this form with verbs which do not have objects. (What form is it?) e) We use this form after Model Verbs. (What form is it?)