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Name Index

Abelson.R.,68,78, 116

Abramov, I., 26

Aissen, Judith, 574

Aoki, Haruo, 104

Aristotle, 6, 19, 88, 180, 187

Armstrong, Sharon Lee, 11, 148-51, 181

Austin, John L., 14, 17-21

Barsalou, Lawrence W., 21, 45 Barwise, Jon, 125-26,12&-30, 211-12,

214, 216, 246, 249 Bates, Elizabeth, 64-66 Beneke, Timothy, 412, 414 Bennett, David, 440 Berlin, Brent, 11, 51, 112, 269; with

Breedlove and Raven, 46-47, 112; and

Brown, 31-38; with Hunn, 47, 200;

with Kay, 24-27, 40, 310 Bolinger, Dwight, 138, 542 Bolzano, Bernard, 224 Borges,J. L., 92-93, 95-96 Breedlove, Dennis, 32, 46-47, 112,199 Brown, Roger, 14, 40, 49; and Berlin,

31-38 Brugman, Claudia, 18, 291, 308, 313-14,

322-23, 333-34, 378, 418-19, 454, 456,

460,585 Bybee,Joan, 62-63

Cain, A. J., 34-35, 187

Cantor, Georg, 357

Carbonell, Jaime, 367

Garden, Guy, 562-63

Carpenter, P. A., 445

Casad, Eugene, 308, 310, 323, 334, 460,

585

Cauchy. Augustin, 224 Chomsky, Noam, 58, 66, 181, 227. 464,

493

Cohen, Paul, 357

Coleman, Linda, 71-73,115, 201 Cooper, Lynn,445 Crovello, Theodore J., 192-93 Cruse, D. A., 46

Davidson, Donald, 58

Dedekind, Richard, 224

Denny, J. Peter. 112

DeValois, R. L., 26

Dixon, R. M. W., 11, 92-102, 110-11,

290, 319, 548, 584-85 Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 188, 190 Dougherty, J. W. D., 37 Downing, Pamela, 104, 148, 585 Dubois, D., 15

Eisenberg, P., 446

Ekiof, P. С., 358

Ekman, Paul, 11, 14, 38-39, 407-8

Ellsworth, P., 38

Euclid, 220-21, 225-27

Euler, Leonhard, 17

Faltz, Aryeh, 456 Fauconnier, Gillcs, 68,125,133, 213-14,

281-82, 366, 458, 542-43, 585 Feyerabend, Paul, 10, 322 Fillmore, Charles, 20-21, 68, 70-71, 115-

16, 131-32, 202, 289, 312, 322, 331,

416, 465-66, 470, 555, 582, 584-85 Fodor.J. A., 227, 335 Frege, Gottlob, 122. 124, 168-69, 177,

181, 224, 226 Friesen, Wallace V., 38-39

Gati, I., 41

Gazdar, Gerald, 464 Geertz, Clifford, 69

601

602 Name Index

Centner, Dedre, 122, 305, 335, 585 Centner, Donald, 122, 305, 335, 585 Gibson, James J., 215-16 Gilchrist, Alan, 127 Gleitman, Lila, 11, 148-52, 181 Gleitman, Henrv, 11, 148-52, 181 Godel, Kurt, 356-57, 359 Goguen,J. A., 22, 196 Goodman, Nelson, 127, 265 Gould, Stephen Jay, 119-21, 185, 193

Hacking, lan, 235, 298

Half, Robert, 209, 295

Hairnan, John, 584

Hanson, Norwood, 10

Harris, Zeilig, 66, 464

Hawkins, Bruce, 460

Heider, Eleanor Rosch. See Rosch,

Eleanor

Hemenway, Katherine. 47, 53 Hesse, Mary, 10

Hilbert, David, 221-22, 224-26 Hinton, Leanne, 55 Hopper, Paul, 64 Horn. Laurence, 132, 585 Hull, David L., 187-88 Hunn, Eugene S., 32, 46-47, 199-200

Irwin, Robert, 127

Jacobs, G.H., 26

Jaeger, Jeri, 61

Janda, Laura, 323, 334, 456, 460, 585

Johansson, Gunnar, 127

Johnson, Mark, 19, 47. 55, 68, 77, 85, 104, 204, 209-10, 216, 247, 265-68, 271-72, 275. 291-92,294-95, 303, 305-6, 334-35, 339, 380, 398, 405, 409, 412, 417, 435, 450, 489, 584-85 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 75 Johnson-Laird, Philip, 142

Kahneman, Daniel, 89-90

Kant, Immanuel, 453

Kaplan, David. 247

Katz.J.J.,205,227,464

Kay, Paul, 11, 122-23, 139, 147, 202, 213, 305, 335, 465, 467, 582, 584-85;

with Berlin, 14, 24-27, 40, 310; with Colcman, 71-73, 115, 201; with Kempton, 110, 304, 318, 330-35; with McDaniel, 14, 26-30, 331 Keenan, Edward, 217, 446, 456

Kempton, Willett, 15; with Kay, 110,

304, 318,330-35 Kerr, Nancy H., 446 Kleene, Stephen, 221 Klein, Ewan, 464

Kopcke, Klaus-Michael, 200-201 Kosslyn, Stephen M., 445-46, 453, 455-

56, 459 Kripke, Saul, 58, 123-24, 169, 173, 213,

239

Kuhn, Thomas, 10, 305, 322 Kuno, Susumu, 466, 470, 555

Labov, William, 15

Lakatos, Imre, 17

Lakoff, George, 19, 45, 47, 54-55, 68, 77, 85, 104, 122, 138, 196, 204, 209-10, 216-17, 247, 265-67, 291, 294-95, 303, 305-6, 334-35, 380, 398, 405, 409, 417, 435, 450, 464, 485, 489, 550,

584-85 Langacker, Ronald, 68, 280, 291, 366,

419, 456, 458-60, 589 Lawler, John, 44 Levenson, Robert, 39 Levy, Robert I., 310 Lewis, David, 58, 205-6, 227, 241-47,

252,258,294 Lindner, Susan, 272, 323, 334, 418, 430,

456, 460,584-85 Linnaeus, 34-35, 187, 195 Lounsbury, Floyd, 14, 22-24, 30, 84, 88,

207 Lyons, John,466, 470,555

McCawley, James D., 22, 142, 217, 478 McCawlcy, Noriko, 474 McDaniel, Chad, 14, 26-30, 331 Mac Lane, Saunders, 361-65, 369 MacLaury, Robert, 29-30 MacWhinney, Brian, 64-66 Malotki, Ekkehart, 325 Martin, Donald A., 358-59 Mayr, Emst, 187-93

Medin, Douglas L.: with Murphy, 46;

with Smith, 15, 137

Merrill.G. H., 241-42

Mervis, Carolyn, 15, 42, 48-49, 269

Miller, George, 42, 142

Minsky, Marvin, 68, 116-17

Moder, Carol, 62-63

Montague, Richard, 58

Murphy, Gregory, 46, 53

Name Index 603

Olivier, D., 40

Osherson, Daniel, 11, 139, 145, 147, 149, 151, 181

Partee, Barbara, 217

Peano, Giuseppe, 224

Perry, John, 125-26, 206, 211-12, 216,

246, 249 Plato, 187 Post, Emil, 227 Postal, Paul, 205, 464 Prade,H.,15 Pullum, Geoffrey, 464 Putnam, Hilary, 116-17, 123-24, 161,

168-70, 173, 206, 229-65, 268, 303,

341-43, 351, 360, 367, 369, 372, 463,

585 Pylyshyn, Zenon, 443

Quine, W. V. О., 208-10, 309 Quinn, Naomi, 87, 215, 337, 460

Raven, Peter H., 32, 46-47, 112, 199

Reddy, Michael, 104, 450

Rey, Georges. 172-73

Rhodes, Richard, 78, 444

Rips, Lance J., 42, 45, 86

Rock, Irvin, 127

Rosch, Eleanor, xii, 7, 11, 15, 39-57, 59, 61-62, 79, 89,100, 112, 136-37, 145-46, 149, 152, 181, 204, 269, 310, 323, 446, 452, 456

Ross, Haj. See Ross, John Robert

Ross, John Robert, 63-64, 331, 551

Rudin, M. E., 358

Rudzka-Ostyn, Brygida, 460

Rumelhart, David, 68-69, 116

Russell, Bertrand, 224, 226, 458

Sadock, Jerrold, 89, 465 Sag, Ivan, 464

Schachter,S., 406-7

Schank, Roger, 68, 78, 116

Schmidt, Annette, 97, 100-101, 110-11

Schoenfield, J. R., 358

Searle, John, 167, 293

Shelah, S., 358

Shepard, Roger, 445-46, 453

Simpson, Carol, 42

Singer, J., 406-7

Smith, Edward E.: with Osherson, 11,

139-45, 147-49, 151,181; with Medin,

15, 137

Sober, Elliott, 193 Sokal, Robert, 192-93 Solovay, Robert, 358 Stansfield,W.D.,190 Stress, Brian, 33 Sweetser, Eve, 71-73, 115, 201, 295, 334,

367, 437, 444, 458

Talmy, Leonard, 334, 444, 456, 459 Tennenbaum, S., 358 Thompson, Sandra, 64, 473 Thorne, James P., 466, 470, 555 Tversky, Amos, 11, 41, 89-90 Tversky, Barbara, 47, 53, 269, 344

Van Oosten, Jeanne, 65-66, 291, 532 Vandeloise, Claude, 460

Weschler, Lawrence, 127 Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 40, 304, 308-9,

319-20, 322-25, 327-35, 337, 459 Wilensky, Robert, 147 Wilson, Deirdre, 133 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 6,11-12, 14, 16-

18, 21, 42, 181, 193, 435

Zadeh, Lotfi, 14, 21-22, 26, 138-39,196 Zimler, Jerome, 446 Zubin, David, 200-201

Subject Index

Abstract symbols. See Symbols, abstract

Accidental properties, 171

Activity start deictic there-constructions. See There-constructions, deictics, activity start

Activity-path, 519-20, 524, 530

Adverbial constraint, 505

Affordances, 215-16. See also Environ­ment

Agent prototype, 64-66, 363

Al. See Artificial intelligence

Algorithmic systems, 181, 347

Alternative models, 201, 360

Amalgams, syntactic, 485, 584

Analogy, 455. See also Metaphor

Analyticity, 118, 130, 134

Anger, 38-39, 216, 305-6, 331, 367, 377, 452; embodiment of, 406-8; folk mod­el of, 386, 389-91, 396, 400; and metaphor, 380-97, 405-6; metaphors for (see. under Metaphors); with lust and rape, 409-15; nonprototypical cases, 399, 404-5; prototypical scenar­io for, 397-W6

ANS. See Autonomic nervous system

Artificial intelligence, 338-39, 340-41, 343, 348-52

Atomic properties, 162, 170, 270

Atomism, 139, 142, 162, 203, 465

Atsugewi, 334

Auditory images, 444

Autapomorphies, 193-94

Autonomic nervous sytem, 14, 39, 407

Bachelorhood ICM. See Idealized cogni­tive models, examples of, bachelor­hood ICM

Background. See Figure-ground distinc­tion

Balinese calendar ICM, 69, 312, 330 Base model, 80, 102-3, 113 Based-on relation, 464, 466, 492, 555,

576,580

Basic clause types, 66-67 Basic color terms. See Color, basic terms Basic opposition model, 102-3 Basic realism. See Realism, basic Basic-level categories. See Category

types, basic-level Basic-level concepts. .See Category types,

basic-level Basic-level expressions, 452, 497, 505-6,

544

Best examples. See Categories, best ex­amples of Biological species. See Species Boolean classes, 456-58 Borkin-Nunberg-Fauconnier metonymies,

585

Bound constructions, 567-68, 569, 581 Boundary in an image-schema, 419, 431,

456

Categories: acquisition of, 33, 48-50, 174, 349; best examples of, 17, 24, 26, 40-42, 44, 55, 59, 70, 82, 86, 127, 136-37, 189, 193, 196-97, 208, 289, 297, 366, 404, 454, 576; central members of (see Categories, best examples of); chain­ing within, 20, 95-96, 103, 108-9, 167, 418-61; clustering within, 50-52, 54, 56, 71-72, 74-76, 79-82, 91, 167, 190, 197, 200, 203, 205, 300, 324, 371-72, 401, 405, 482, 489-90; principles of ex­tension of, 91, 111, 205, 367; repre­sentative members of (see Categories, best examples of); types of (see Cate-

605

606 Subject Index

Cognitive organization, 494, 537, 539 Cognitive reference point, 41, 45, 89 Cognitive relationships, 106 Cognitive sciences, xi-xii, xiv, 7, 10-11,

184, 196, 206, 219, 224, 341, 379-486 Cognitive semantics, 269-303 Cognitive status, 466, 529, 533-34, 565,

576-77, 582 Cognitive systems, 487-88 Color research: Berlin-Kay, 24-26, 40, 310; Kay-Kempton, 330-34; Kay-McDaniel, 14, 26-30, 331; MacLaury, 29-30; Rosch, 4(M2 Color: basic terms, 24-26, 28, 310, 323;

focal, 26, 28-29, 4(M1, 310-11 Commensurability. See Relativism, com-

mensurability Common sense, 128, 300 Complex category. See Category types,

complex Complex concepts. See Category types,

complex Computational models, 116, 342-43, 348,

443 Computational realism. See Realism,

computational

Computational simulation, 345

Concepts: basic-level (see Category types, basic-level); complex (see Category types, complex); core, xiv, 142-44, 148-49, 151, 152; core meaning of, 405, 425, 460; directly meaningful, 279, 284, 292; image-schematic (see Image-schemas); primitive, 10, 199, 203, 225, 270, 279-80; objectivist,

163-66

Conceptual embodiment. See Embodi­ment, conceptual

Conceptual organization. See Relativism:

conceptual organization

Conceptual structure, 377, 379-80, 406,

409

Conceptual system, xi, xiv-xv, xvii, 9, 23, 30, 40, 70, 79, 85, 96, 108, 110, 112-13, 125, 158, 163-65, 179-80, 183, 187, 206-7, 210. 217, 225, 264, 266, 269, 279, 296, 300-301, 303-5, 307-30, 334-37, 340-41, 344-45, 347-48, 351, 364-65, 383-84, 435, 438-39, 448-50, 465, 482, 487, 492, 494, 513-14, 536-40, 582, 585 Conceptualizing capacity, 280, 303, 309-

12, 322, 335, 344-45 Conduit metaphor. See Metaphors, con­duit

Categories (cont.)

gory types). See also Cross-categorization; Prototypes Category types: basic-level, xii, '13-15, 31-40, 42, 46-54, 56, 106, 110, 112, 119, 140, 142, 146, 165, 199-201, 244, 267-71, 273, 279-82, 284-85, 289-90, 292-93, 295-302, 312, 336, 344, 348-50, 371-72, 452, 497, 584; classical, xiv, 9, 16, 18, 70, 111, 160, 162, 173, 176, 179-81, 185, 187-89,195, 208, 244-45, 253, 259, 286-87, 289, 343, 353, 379, 416, 466, 482, 534, 584, 586;

complex, 95, 140, 143, 145^8, 166;

fuzzy, 454; generative, 12, 14, 24, 30, 84, 88-90, 145, 149^50, 289, 367, 454, 458; graded, 12-13, 45, 171, 202, 286, 288-89; radial, 65, 83-84, 91-92, 97-98, 111-12, 115, 117, 145, 152, 197, 204-5, 207, 212, 225, 244, 283-84, 287, 289-91, 296-97, 309, 331, 339, 346-18, 377-79, 405, 409, 417-18, 435, 440, 454, 460-61, 463-67, 483, 487, 492-93, 525, 534-40, 556, 576-77, 582, 584; prototype-based, 9, 61, 65, 378, 446, 464, 482, 487, 534, 540, 582 Cathode-ray-tube model of mental imag­ery, 455 Causation, 54-55, 329 Center-periphery schema, 283 Central deictic there-constructions. See

There-constructions, deictics, central Central existential there-constructions. See There-constructions, existentials,

central

Central ICM, 489

Central principles. See Principles, central Chaining. See Categories, chaining within Cladists, 119-21, 185-86,192-94, 209 Classical categories. See Category types,

classical

Classifiers. 91-92, 94, 102, 104, 107-10, 112-13, 308, 319, 346, 585; in Dyirbal, 5, 92-102, 104, 110-11, 113-14, 117, 205, 216, 225, 308, 312, 318-19, 346;

in Japanese, 104-13, 205, 308, 346 Cluster models, 74-76, 197, 203 Clusters. See Categories, clustering within Cognitive efficiency, 494, 538, 539 Cognitive grammar, 68, 463, 465-66, 487,

491, 494, 582 Cognitive model theory, 217, 252, 259,

282 Cognitive models. See Idealized cognitive

models

Container schemas. See Image-schema

examples, container Continuum hypothesis, 357-59 Conventional image. See Images, mental Conventional linguistic expressions, 380,

384, 390, 395, 404, 477 Conventional mental images. See Images,

mental Conventional rich images. See Images,

conventional rich Cora, 308, 310, 323, 334, 460 Core concepts. See Concepts, core Core meaning. See Concepts, core Coreference, 217, 290, 568-69, 584 Correct definition, 171-73 Cross-categorization, 166-67 CRT, 455 Cue validity, 52-54

Dani, 28, 40, 310, 323 Deep structure, 464 Default value, 61, 116 Defining properties, 576-78 Definition, correct, 171-73 Definitional knowledge, 172 Definitional properties, 138-39 Degree of variation. See Relativism,

variation

Deictic there-constructions. See There-constructions, deictics Deictic-existential comparison, 540-46;

embeddability, 468-69, 472, 482, 545, 548. 574, 578-79; negatability, 468-69, 472, 481-82, 528, 545, 573-74, 578-79;

subjecthood, 468, 547; tag-questions, 468-72 Delivery deictic there-constructions. See

There-constructions, deictics, delivery Delivery ICM, 524-26 Deprive-ICM, 132 Depth of variation. See Relativism, varia­tion

Direct-reference doctrine, 168 Directly meaningful concepts. See Con­cepts, directly meaningful Discourse deictic there-constructions. See There-constructions, deictics, dis­course

Distinctive features, 33, 46, 167, 180 Distinguishing properties, 576-78 Doctrine of correct definition, 171-73 Doctrine of natural kind terms, 32, 34.

See also Natural kinds Doctrine of natural kinds, 161. See also Natural kinds

Subject Index 607

Doctrine of objective categories, 161 Dyirbal. See Classifiers, in Dyirbal

Ecological psychology, 215 Ecological realism, 216-17 Ecology of grammar, 464, 466, 487-88,

492-93, 537, 539-40, 553, 556, 564 Effects = structure. See Prototype theory

interpretation Embeddability. See Deictic-existential

comparison

Embodiment: conceptual, xi, xv, 12-15, 206, 215, 267, 271, 302, 340-41, 348, 350, 406-8; functional (see Relativism, functional embodiment) Emotion, 5-6, 9, 14, 38-39, 42, 57, 89, 175, 180, 297, 305-6, 336, 355. See also Anger Encyclopedic knowledge, 138, 172 End-of-path schemas, 440-41 End-point focus, 423-27, 440-42, 456, 471. See also Image-schemas; Image-schema transformations Entailment, 126, 131,168, 268, 366, 384-

85, 388

Enthusiastic beginning deictic there-constructions, 532-33, 581 Environment, xi, xiii, xv-xvi, 12, 36, 38, 50-51, 56, 60, 63-64,112, 183, 188-90, 193-95, 199-200, 215-16, 267-69, 273, 277, 292, 297-98, 301, 319, 344 Epistemic correspondences, 386-87 Essential properties. See Properties,

essential

Essentialism, 160--61 Euclidean geometry, 220-23, 361 Evaluation metric, 539 Evolutionary biology, 185, 187-88, 194,

199, 224

Exasperation deictic there-constructions. See There-constructions, deictics, ex­asperation Existence deictic there-constructions. See

There-constructions, deictics, existence Existential-deictic comparison. See Deic­tic-existential comparison Existential there-constructions. See

There-constructions: existentials Experiential gestalt, 486-87, 489-90, 525,

538-39, 582

Experientialism. See Realism, experien­tial

Experientially grounded cognitive mod­els. See Idealized cognitive models Expression of Awe ICM, 526-28

608 Subject Index Expressive power, 539-40

Fact-Value. See Relativism, moral Family resemblances, 12-16, 18, 21, 42,