1.Read and translate the text: 14

Discharging the effluent 14

Seepage pits. Seepage pits are most successful on steeply slop­ing sites or very small plots. When the effluent enters the pit, it gradually seeps into the surrounding soil. The pits consist of one or more holes dug in the ground and lined with brick or blocks. The spaces between the material should be filled with stones. Put a concrete cover over the pit and add at least 300 mm soil on top. 15

Subsoil irrigation. A subsoil irrigation system consists of lengths of drains connected to the septic tank. About 5 metres of drainpipe is needed for each person using the tank. You can connect more than one drain run to the system. 15

PART II 29

WATER SUPPLY 29

Text 1 29

The cold water supply 29

1.Read and translate the text 29

The storage tank . You should place the storage tank as high as possible in a building to provide enough water pressure to all the fittings. The tank can go in the roof space under a pitched roof or on top of a flat roof. Because a full tank of water weighs more than 500 kg, the roof or ceiling must be strong enough to take this load. 29

Hot water installations 30

1.Read and translate the text 30

The pipework for hot water systems Cold water enters the hot water cylinder at the bottom of the tank (Figure 18.6). The source may be: 31

Pipes and fittings 31

1.Read and translate the text 31

basin; shower.

They should be made of materials that are durable, waterproof and easy to clean,

A WC is usually in two parts:

1. the pan and seat. The pan is made of vitreous china and includes a 50 mm trap. The outlet, which is either a ‘P’ or ‘S’ shape, is 100 mm in diameter. The seat, which can be china, plastic or wood, is hinged and bolts to holes in the top of the pan.

2. the cistern, which is made from plastic or china. It consists of the body, the lid and the internal mechanisms. The body has connections for the water supply and overflow pipe. The internal mechanism consists of a ball valve, float and a flushing siphon with an operating handle.

A bath can be made of cast iron, pressed steel or plastic. The standard size is 1700 x 700 mm. The bath has holes for fixing the taps, overflow and waste outlet.

A basin is made of vitreous china and has an overflow built in.

A sink in a kitchen is usually stainless steel so that it will be lightweight and durable. It may come with a draining board, which stands on a timber cupboard to conceal the waste and supply pipes.

A shower may have an independent plastic, concrete or glazed fireclay base. It can be attached to mixer taps on a bath or it can flow directly from pipes attached to the wall onto the floor. Access to the trap can be a problem if the tray is shallow. In suspended timber floors the trap can be housed between the joists. In concrete floors, the trap may need to be below the ceiling.

2.Active vocabulary

ball valve – шаровой клапан

bolt – болт; соединять, прикреплять болтом

cistern – сливной бачок

draining board – сливная полка раковины

float – поплавок

flushing siphon – смывной

hinge – шарнир; прикреплять, соединять шарнирно

lid – крышка

mixer tap – смеситель

overflow pipe – сливная, переливная труба

pressed steel – штампованная сталь

sink – кухонная раковина, мойка

suspended floor – перекрытие без промежуточных опор

vitreous china – глазурованный фарфор

3. Check your understanding

- Above-ground drainage consists of the soil and waste pipes from the sanitary fittings.

- Above-ground drainage is connected to the underground drainage at floor or ground level.

- Above-ground drainage should be connected to a trapped gully.

All fittings discharge water through a trap which prevents smells and gases from the drains entering the building.

- The soil vent pipe allows any pressures from gases in the system to be released above roof level.

- Sanitary fittings are made of materials that are waterproof, durable and easy to clean.

- Waste and soil pipes above ground are usually made of uPVC.

Text 11(3500)