5.2 Fire-prevention organization in industry

According to the Law of Ukraine about fare-safe «O пожарной безопасности» plants and establishments safety ensuring is assigned on their head or person engaged; their responsibility for fire-safe is stipulated by the article 5 of the same Law.

The head of the enterprise and officials have such fire-safe obligations:

1. To develop complex measures on maintenance of fire-safe at the enterprise, in establishment, organization;

2. According to the state normative certificates on fire-safe to develop and approve positions, instructions, other normative documents, which act inside the enterprise; to realize monitoring of their fulfillment;

1. To organize training of workers on fire-safe;

3. To keep in serviceable condition means for fire-prevention and communication, fire-technique, equipment, to use them only as required;

4. To carry out service investigation of fire cases.

Common requirements for fire-safe:

• each worker should know the rules of behavior on fire, ways of evacuation, how to use primary methods for fire extinguishing, and place they are stored;

• highly inflammable and combustible liquids are necessary for storing in specially assigned places separately from other materials;

-in case of fire workers should immediately inform fire – і brigade by telephone number 01 and management of the enterprise, and immediately start liquidation of fire by all available means.

The complex of technical, operational, organizational and regime measures on fire-prevention is developed and carried out by: state fire inspectors. The representatives of State Fire Inspection! have the right to check up the condition of fire-prevention of buildings, structures, warehouses, require the appropriate documents and information, take persons under responsibility for breaking of the statements, rules, norms, instructions on fire protection, partially or completely suppress working of the enterprise if there's fire danger.

Fire-prevention is complex of organizational and technical measures directed on workers fire-safe maintenance, preventing of fire, conditioning for fast and effective fire extinguishing.

The fire-preventive measures can be constructive, informative and regime.

The fire-safe is condition of an object in which, with the definite probability of ignition and development of fire, fire dangerous factors action on people are impossible and protection of material resources is ensured.

Fire-safe is ensured by:

1. Fire warning and preventing system.

2. Fire protection system.

3. Organizational – technical measures.

The fire-prevention maintenance of buildings and structures consist of fire-prevention breaks and barriers.

People evacuation on fire.

The parameter of efficiency of evacuation is time people can, if necessary, leave some room or building.

The safety of the evacuation is achieved when duration of evacuation from separate room and building is less than critical fire duration dangerous for people.

Critical fire duration is the time for reaching dangerous temperatures and decreasing oxygen contents in the air.

Safety rules of people behavior on fire in objects:

• in case of fire it's necessary immediately to call fire-brigade by telephone number 01 and inform management and personality of the enterprise;

• start liquidation of fire by own forces;

• to evacuate people and property. First of all the most valuable and fire-risk materials should be evacuated;

• in case when extinguishing of fire by own forces is impossible, it is necessary as soon as possible to leave the place through main and emergency exits;

• leaving location on fire it is necessary densely to shut the door to reduce oxygen incoming to the location.

Main danger for people death on fire is smoke and hot air; therefore in room filled with smoke it is necessary to breathe only through a wet dense fabric, remembering that the concentration of smoke is the lowest close to the floor.