- •Stylistics. It’s subject, object and branches.
- •2.The varieties of the English language. Тhe peculiarities of the spoken and the written varieties.
- •Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic concepts of stylistics.
- •4.The notion of style in stylistics. The theory of functional styles. Functional style lassification.
- •5.Stylistic Differentiation of the vocabulary: vocabulary layers, their aspects, principles of interaction.
- •6. Stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary: literary vocabulary.
- •Barbarisms and Foreignisms
- •7. Stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary: colloquial vocabulary.
- •Vulgarisms are:
- •8. Lexical expressive means and stylistic devices based on interaction of primarily dictionary and contextually imposed meaning (metaphor, metonymy, irony).
- •9.Interaction of primary and derivative logical meaning: zeugma and pun
- •10. Interaction of logical and emotive meanings: epithets (semantic and structural classification)
- •11. Interaction of logical and nominal meanings: antonomasia, oxymoron.
- •12. Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon: simile, hyperbole.
- •13. Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon: periphrasis, euphemism.
- •14. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Stylistic inversion, parallel construction, detached construction, chiasmus.
- •15. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Suspense, Climax, Anticlimax, Antithesis.
- •16. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Belles-letters style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •17. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Publicistic style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •18. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Newspaper style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •19. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Scientific style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •20. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Style of official documents: substyles, common and peculiar features.
13. Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon: periphrasis, euphemism.
Periphrasis - the use of a longer phrasing in place of a possible shorter and plainer form of expression.
Functions and Characteristics:
cognitive function
nominative (in part)
perceived within a context
my better half;the cap and gown; a gentleman of the long robe;
Euphemism is a word or phrase used to replace an unpleasant word or expression by a conventionally more acceptable one, for example, the word 'to die' has bred the following euphemisms: to pass away, to expire, to be no more, to depart, to join the majority, to be gone, and the more facetious ones: to kick the bucket, to give up the ghost, to go west. So euphemisms are synonyms which aim at producing a deliberately mild effect.
Classification:
Religious
Moral
Medical
Parliamentary
14. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Stylistic inversion, parallel construction, detached construction, chiasmus.
Stylistic device classification
Compositional patterns of syntactical arrangement;
Particular ways of combining parts of the utterance (asyndeton, polysyndeton);
Particular use of colloquial constructions (ellipsis, beak-in-the- narrative).
Stylistic inversion
The object is placed at the beginning of the sentence: "Talent Mr. Micawber has;
The attribute is placed after the word it modifies: "With fingers weary and worn...“
The predicative is placed before the subject: "A good generous prayer it was“
The predicative stands before the link verb and both are placed before the subject: "Rude am I in my speech...“
The adverbial modifier is placed at the beginning of the sentence: "My dearest daughter, at your feet I fall.“
Both modifier and predicate stand before the subject: "Down dropped the breeze..."
Detached construction - stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation (intonation)
Parallel Construction is based on identical, or similar, syntactical structure in two or more sentences or parts of a sentence in close succession.
Types:
Partial parallel construction
Complete parallel construction
Chiasmus(читается каэснус) (Reversed Parallel Construction) is based on the repetition of a syntactical pattern, but it has a cross order of words and phrases.
“Mr. Boffin looked full at the man, and the man looked full at Mr. Boffin”
15. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Suspense, Climax, Anticlimax, Antithesis.
Stylistic device classification
Compositional patterns of syntactical arrangement;
Particular ways of combining parts of the utterance (asyndeton, polysyndeton);
Particular use of colloquial constructions (ellipsis, beak-in-the- narrative).
Suspense is arranging the matter of a communication in such a way that the less important, subordinate parts are amassed at the beginning, the main idea being withheld till the end of the sentence.
Climax (Gradation) is an arrangement of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance, or emotional tension in the utterance.
Types:
Logical
Emotional
Quantitative
Anticlimax is an arrangement of ideas in ascending order of significance, but the final one, which the reader expects to be the culminating one, as in climax, is trifling.
Antithesis is based on relative opposition which arises out of the context through the expansion of objectively contrasting pairs.