- •Stylistics. It’s subject, object and branches.
- •2.The varieties of the English language. Тhe peculiarities of the spoken and the written varieties.
- •Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic concepts of stylistics.
- •4.The notion of style in stylistics. The theory of functional styles. Functional style lassification.
- •5.Stylistic Differentiation of the vocabulary: vocabulary layers, their aspects, principles of interaction.
- •6. Stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary: literary vocabulary.
- •Barbarisms and Foreignisms
- •7. Stylistic stratification of the English vocabulary: colloquial vocabulary.
- •Vulgarisms are:
- •8. Lexical expressive means and stylistic devices based on interaction of primarily dictionary and contextually imposed meaning (metaphor, metonymy, irony).
- •9.Interaction of primary and derivative logical meaning: zeugma and pun
- •10. Interaction of logical and emotive meanings: epithets (semantic and structural classification)
- •11. Interaction of logical and nominal meanings: antonomasia, oxymoron.
- •12. Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon: simile, hyperbole.
- •13. Intensification of a certain feature of a thing or phenomenon: periphrasis, euphemism.
- •14. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Stylistic inversion, parallel construction, detached construction, chiasmus.
- •15. Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices. Classification. Suspense, Climax, Anticlimax, Antithesis.
- •16. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Belles-letters style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •17. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Publicistic style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •18. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Newspaper style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •19. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Scientific style: substyles, common and peculiar features.
- •20. Functional style classification. Functional style characteristics. Style of official documents: substyles, common and peculiar features.
Stylistics. It’s subject, object and branches.
Stylistics, sometimes called lingo-stylistics, is a branch of general linguistics. It has two tasks:
The investigation of special language media inventory which secure the desirable effect of the utterance( обеспечит желаемый эффект высказывания) – stylistic device and expressive means (стилистические приемы и средства выразительности).
The analysis of certain types of texts distinguished by certain choice of language means. – functional styles
The subject of stylistics - study of the nature, functions and structure of stylistics devices and the study of each style of language, its aim, its structure, its characteristic features and the effect it produces, as well as its interrelation with other styles of language.
Stylistics Branches:
1)Lexical stylistics – studies functions of direct and figurative meanings, also the way contextual meaning of a word is realized in the text.
2) Grammatical stylistics – is subdivided into morphological and syntactical Morphological s. studies stylistic potential of grammatical categories of different parts of speech. Potential of the number, pronouns… Syntactical s. studies syntactic, expressive means, word order and word combinations, different types of sentences and types of syntactic connections.
3) Phonostylistics – phonetical organization of prose and poetic texts. Here are included rhythm, rhythmical structure, alliteration, assonance(созвучие) and correlation(взаимосвязь) of the sound form and meaning.
4) Functional S (s. of decoding) studies different styles
5) Individual style study –studies the style of the author.
2.The varieties of the English language. Тhe peculiarities of the spoken and the written varieties.
Language-as-a-system may figuratively be depicted(изображена) as an exploiter of language-in-action. All rules and patterns of language which are collected and classified in works on grammar, phonetics, lexicology and stylistics first appear in language-in-action, then they are generalized and framed as(сформулированы) rules and patterns of language-as-a-system.
Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic concepts of stylistics.
Expressive means should be fixed in grammars and dictionaries and they include:
Phonetic means - Pitch, melody, stress, pausation, drawling, whispering, a sing-song manner of speech
Morphological forms – hystorical present – использование настоящего времени для придания эффекта о прошлом времени
Means of word-building префиксы аффиксы
Lexical, phraseological and syntactical forms
Stylistics device is a conscious сознательное and intentional намеренное use of some language facts, including expressive means
4.The notion of style in stylistics. The theory of functional styles. Functional style lassification.
style is a set of characteristics that belong exclusively to the plane of expression and not to the plane of content and by which we distinguish one author from another or members of one subclass from members of other subclasses, all of which are members-of the same general class.
A functional style of language is a system of interrelated language means which serves СЛУЖИТЬ a definite aim in communication.
major functional styles :
1) The language of belles-lettres.
2) The language of publicistic literature.
3) The language of newspapers.
4) The language of scientific prose.
5) The language of official documents.
Each FS has distinctive features - constant or changing, obligatory or optional .(обязательные и необяз)
Each FS is subdivided into a number of substyles
The belles-letters FS has the following substyles: a) style of poetry, b) of emotive prose, c) of drama
The publicistic F S comprises the following substyles: a) the language style of oratory; b) the language style of essays;
c) the language style of feature articles in newspapers and journals.*
The newspaper FS falls into a) the language style of brief news items and communications; b) the language style of newspaper headings and c) the language style of notices and advertisements.
The scientific prose FS also has three divisions: a) the language style of humanitarian sciences; b) the language style of "exact" sciences; c) the language style of popular scientific prose.
The official document FS can be divided into four varieties: a) the language style of diplomatic documents; b) the language style of business documents; c) the language style of legal .documents; d) the language style of military documents.