- •Fill in the gaps with the words in the list:
- •Answer the questions:
- •Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: Human Genome Project
- •Answer the questions:
- •2.Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •3. Fill in the prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •4. Read the text again and take notes under these headings. Then, look at your notes and talk about hgp.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words in the list:
- •Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: hgp History and Findings
- •Answer the questions:
- •Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: hgp Benefits
- •Answer the questions:
- •Answer the questions:
- •2. How did you learn about it?
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: Large Hadron Collider
- •Answer the questions:
- •2.Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •3. Fill in the prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •4. Read the text again and take notes under these headings. Then, look at your notes and talk about the Large Hadron Collider .
- •Fill in the gaps with the words in the list:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean:
- •International Space Station
Answer the questions:
What caused the initiative to study the human genome?
What establishments and countries participated in the HGP?
When was the project completed?
What are the key findings of the HGP?
2.Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
Mammalian present proposed human key major rough
1. … advances; 2. … findings; 3. … state; 4. … draft; 5. … beings; 6. … undertaking; 7. … genomes.
3. Fill in the prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
for by with to to in
1. to lead … sth.; 2. to be supported … smb.; 3. to begin … sth.; 4. advances … the field of; 5. to be necessary … sth/smb; 6. on the way … sth.
4. Read the text again and take notes under these headings. Then, look at your notes and talk about HGP History and Findings.
How HGP Started
HGP Participants
Stages
Findings
Lead-in
Match the words and their definitions:
Management; b. predisposition; c. advance; d. etiology; e. mammal
Going forward, progress;
Warm-blooded vertebrate of the class secreting milk to feed its young;
Study of the causes of disease;
Treatment;
Bent or inclination to something;
Answer the questions:
1.What do you think are the advantages of HGP?
2. Can you think of any disadvantages?
3. Read the text and say what the words in bold mean: hgp Benefits
The work on interpretation of genome data is still in its initial stages. It is anticipated that detailed knowledge of the human genome will provide new avenues for advances in medicine and biotechnology. Clear practical results of the project emerged even before the work was finished. For example, a number of companies, such as Myriad Genetics started offering easy ways to administer genetic tests that can show predisposition to a variety of illnesses, including breast cancer, hemostasis disorders, cystic fibrosis, liver diseases and many others. Also, the etiologies for cancers, Alzheimer's disease and other areas of clinical interest are considered likely to benefit from genome information and possibly may lead in the long term to significant advances in their management.
There are also many tangible benefits for biological scientists. For example, a researcher investigating a certain form of cancer may have narrowed down his/her search to a particular gene.
Further, deeper understanding of the disease processes at the level of molecular biology may determine new therapeutic procedures. It is likely that expanded knowledge in this area will facilitate medical advances in numerous areas of clinical interest that may not have been possible without them.
The analysis of similarities between DNA sequences from different organisms is also opening new avenues in the study of evolution. In many cases, evolutionary questions can now be framed in terms of molecular biology. Many questions about the similarities and differences between humans and our closest relatives (the primates, and indeed the other mammals) are expected to be illuminated by the data from this project.
The project's goals included not only identifying all genes in the human genome, but also to address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that might arise from the availability of genetic information.
Tasks: