Причастие (The Participle)

Причастие – неличная глагольная форма, которая наряду со свойствами глагола, имеет свойства прилагательного и наречия.

Причастия образуются двумя способами.

Причастие I (Participle I), образованное при помощи окончания -ing, имеет активную и страдательную формы: активная (несовершенный вид) -asking; активная (совершенный вид) having asked; страдательная (несовершенный) being asked; страдательная(совершенный) –having been asked. Причастие I употребляется в функции:

1. Определения

The man standing at the corner is my brother. — Человек, сто­ящий на углу, - мой брат.

The houses being build in our town are not very high. – Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.

2. Обстоятельства

Going home I met an old friend. — Идя домой, я встретил старого друга.

Having finished work I went home. – Закончив работу, я пошел домой.

Причастие II (Participle II) всегда пассивно. Образуется оно прибавлением суффикса –ed к основе правильного глагола или путем чередования звуков в корне неправильного глагола

Причастие II употребляется в функции:

1. Определения:

The book translated into English is very long. - Книга, пере­веденная на английский язык, длинная.

2. Обстоятельства (причины и времени):

Caught red-handed Тоm could not deny anything. – Пойманный на месте преступления, Том не мог ничего опровергнуть.

Exercises

Exercise 1. Change the sentences according to the examples.

Example: It is simple to solve this problem. — This problem is simple to solve. It is difficult to speak to such people. — Such people are difficult to speak to.

1. It is expensive to buy a mink coat. 2. It is impossible to get a good dinner in our canteen. 3. It was difficult to start an engine in such cold weather. 4. It is dangerous to stand on this ladder. 5. It is rather difficult to deal with stubborn people. 6. It is dangerous to drive a car in big cities. 7. It is interesting to meet new people. 8. It is simple to communicate with people due to Internet. 9. It was unpleasant to watch their quarrel. 10. It is always funny to listen to him.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences according to the example.

Example: time/he/come back. — It's time for him to come back

1)high time/we/say goodbye to everybody; 2) time/ the child/go to bed; 8) time/she/put up with his behavior; 4) high time/they/develop a new model; 5) about time/ we/leave the house; 6) high time/he/speak English fluently; 7) time/she/choose a profession; 8) high time/ we/buy a new TV set; 9) high time/he/ring me up; 10) time/he/temper justice with mercy.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets and use the Complex Object.

Example: He expected (they, arrive) at 5. — He expected them to arrive at 5.

1. Do you want (they, stay) at the hotel or with us? 2. I'd like (the professor, look through) my report. 3. Do you want (I, show) you the sights of the city? 4. We expect (he, arrange) everything by the time we come. 5.1 want (she, tell) me the news in brief. 6. He expected (the meeting, hold) in the Red Room. 7.1 would like (they, fix) an appointment for me for Tuesday. 8. We want (she, introduce) us to the president. 9.1 don't want (they, be late) for dinner. 10. He expected (she, invite) to the party by the Smiths. 11. I'd like (the dress, buy) by Saturday. 12.1 don't want (she, treat) like Alice. 13. We considered (he, be) an honest person. 14.1 don't like (she, prevent) me from doing it. 15.1 suspect (he, help) by her.

Exercise 4. Combine the sentences using the Complex Object.

Example: I did not see him. He entered the house. — I did not see him enter the house. I saw him. He was entering the house. — I saw him entering the house.

1. They did not notice us. We passed by. 2. He heard her. She was playing the piano. 3. He saw her. She burst into tears. 4.1 felt her hand. It was shaking. 5. He hasn't heard us. We called his name. 6. They haven't seen the accident. It occurred at the corner. 7.1 heard them. They were arguing. 8. She heard the footsteps. They were dying away. 9. She felt something. It was crawling around the neck. 10. We many times heard him. He told this story. 11. She noticed the expression of his face. It changed suddenly. 12.1 heard somebody. He mentioned my name. 13.1 felt something hard. It hurt my leg.

Exercise 5. Open the brackets and fill in with the proper Participle.

1. He fell asleep (exhaust) by the journey. 2. She entered the dining room (accompany) by her husband and her father. 3. A snake (sleep) in the grass will bite if anyone treads upon it. 4. (Fill) his pockets with apples the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the garden with a stick in his hand. 5. It was a bright Sunday morning of early summer (promise) heat. 6. When I came home, I found the table (lay). 7. (Judge) by the colour of the sun it should be windy tomorrow. 8. (Arrive) at a big seaport, I started to look for a job. 9. He had received an urgent message (ask) him to telephone Sir Matthew. 10. He looked at groups of young Kirls (walk) arm in arm. 11. In the wood they sat down on a (fall) tree. 12. (See) from the hill the city looks magnificent. 13. (Not know) where to go he turned to a passer by. 14. (Lock) in her room she threw a fit. 15. (Address) the parcel, I went out at once to post it. 16. She often took care of my little sister (give) me a possibility to play with other boys. 17. (Wash) her face in cold water, she came up to the window and shut it. 18. Paul sat down again, evidently (change) his mind about going.

Exercise 6.Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the Infinitive or to the Participle.

1. Не felt her arm slipping through his. 2. She felt her hands tremble. 3. Now and then he could hear a car passing. 4. He felt his heart beat with joy. 5. He felt his heart beating with joy. 6. She could hear her father walking up and down the picture gallery. 7. We saw him cross the street looking to the left and to the right. 8. I felt the wind blowing through a crack in the wall. 9. We stood on deck and watched the sun going down. 10. I heard him playing the piano in the house. 11. It is nice to see people enjoying themselves. 12. We watched the planes circling above us. 13. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down. 14. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder. 15. She felt tears roll down her cheeks. 16. I was so weak that I felt my knees shaking. 17. We saw them jump with parachutes. 18. He heard a car approaching from the opposite direction. 19. In the room he could see a man sitting in an old armchair. 20. I heard the door of the entrance hall open and close softly. 21. In the little summerhouse at the bend of the garden path he saw someone sitting. 22. He went back to the window and, looking through it, suddenly saw her walking down the path. 23. They all gathered on the hill to watch the sun rise. 24. She watched her mother bending over the tea things. 25. The people living in the north do not see the sun come out for months. 26. The door creaked. He saw Irene come in, pick up the telegram and read it. 27. At the stop she saw another girl waiting for the bus. 28. I heard him tell the teacher about it. 29. I heard him telling the teacher about it. 30. She heard people walking in the corridor. 31. She heard somebody walk up to her door.

Exercise 7.Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the Complex Subject.

1. He is said to know all about it. 2. He was said to have known the whole truth about it. 3. Juri Gagarin is known to be the first man in the world to travel into space on the 12th of April, 1961. 4. He supposed to be a very good film actor. 5. He is believed to be innocent of the crime. 6. Innocent people were announced to have been murdered by terrorism. 7. The terrorist was announced to have been killed by his own bomb. 8. The exhibition of the 19 century French painting is expected to open by the end of next week. 9. Monet's painting is reported to be on exhibition until the end of the month. 10. The President of Russia was reported to speak to the nation on television tonight.

Exercise 8. Translate into Russian. Pay attention to the Gerund.

1. Repairing cars is his business. 2. It goes with­out saying. 3. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 4. Iron is found by digging in the earth. 5. There are two ways of getting sug­ar: one from beet and the other from sugarcane. 6. Jane Eyre was fond of reading. 7. Miss Trotwood was in the habit of asking Mr. Dick his opinion. 8. Have you finished writing? 9. Taking a cold show­er in the morning is very useful. 10. I like skiing, but my sister prefers skating. 11. She likes sitting in the sun. 12. It looks like raining. 13. My watch wants repairing. 14. Thank you for coming. 15. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 16. I had the pleasure of dancing with her the whole evening. 17. Let's go boating. 18. He talked without stopping. 19. Some people can walk all day without feeling tired.

Exercise 9. Change the sentences using the Gerund.

Example: She thought she would go to the country for the weekend. She thought of going to the country for the weekend.

1. I thought I would come and see you tomorrow. 2. I am thinking that I shall-go out to the country tomorrow to see my mother. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? — I don't know now; I thought I would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan't go. 4. I hear there are some English books at our institute bookstall now. — So you "are thinking that you will buy some, aren't you? 5. I thought I would work in the library this evening, but as you have come, I won't go to the library.