Reading

1. Read the text.

European women yesterday and today.

In the 17th century rich women normally were taught at home by a tutor, they were taught subjects like Latin, French, Needlework. Poor women did not go to school and didn’t have an educa­tion. They didn't get paid much and had to work hard.

In the 19th century rich women were educated at home and learned pretty much the same as in the 17th century. They were learned to play the piano, speak French, entertain guests and look attractive. After 1870 it was made compulsory for all women to have an education. Girls didn't learn the same sub­jects as boys. Girls learnt subjects like laundry, cookery, need­lework and housewifery skills.

Rich women did not work, but ran their home with the help of their servants, after 1870 some women became teachers and others could work as secretaries or clerks. But at that time any woman had to retire when she got married.

Poor women had to work as well as bringing up their chil­dren, they had to work in coal mines and factories for long hours earning little money.

In the 20th century, when the 1st World War started, women could get jobs at a factory because all men had gone off to fight for the war, so women worked in factories, making armours for the war.

Later jobs as secretaries became available for women. Some women became teachers. Women were now aloud to vote and the first female presidents came. Some women were involved in politics.

Vocabulary

tutor — домашний учитель, репетитор

needlework — рукоделие

compulsory — обязательный

laundry — прачечное дело

housewifery skills — навыки домашнего хозяйства

to bring (brought, brought) up — воспитывать, растить

coal mine — угольная шахта

underpaid job — малооплачиваемая работа

armours — вооружение

available — пригодный; достижимый

to vote — голосовать

2. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Where were rich women taught in the 17th century?

2. What subjects did they learn in the 17th century?

3. Did poor women go to school that time?

4. What did rich women learn in the 19th century?

5. When did an education become compulsory for all wo­men?

6. Who did all domestic tasks at rich women's home?

7. Where did poor women have to work?

8. Why could women get jobs at a factory when the 1st World War started?

9. What changes happened in women's life in the 20th century?

3. Please, point out the verbs in Past Simple.

4. Give a short summary of the text in English.

Listening

1. Listen to the dialogue.

Talking about school.

- Daddy, when were you born?

- I was born in 1947, in Greenwich.

- What school did you go to?

- First, I went to a primary school in a small village with only fifty other pu­pils.

- And then?

- Later, my parents and I moved to London where I started secondary school.

- How much can you remember from that time? How many subjects did you study at secondary school?

- A lot of subjects: maths, English, histo­ry, geography...

- And what was your favourite subject? PE, of course.

- How many lessons did you have every day?

- I don't remember exactly, perhaps six or seven...

- Was your school a state school or a pu­blic school?

- My parents couldn't afford to send me to a public school, so I had to go to a state school.

- When did you leave school?

- At the age of 18 I decided to go to uni­versity and study medicine, as you know.

- Did you like university?

- Well, we had to know every bone in a person's body, but generally it was all right. And what about your future, Mary?

- I want to go to university and study medicine just like you, dad.

- I'm very proud of you but now I think you should finish your home­work, don't you?

2. What was it about?

3. Read it and point out all of the verbs in Past Simple.