- •Morphological stylistics
- •1.The first type of grammatical denotation reflects relations of objects in outside reality such as singularity and plurality.
- •2 The second type is expressed by such categories as modelity, voice, definiteness and indefiniteness.
- •1.The first deals with the t ransposition of a grammar form into a new syntactical distributi on with the effect of contrast.
- •2 The second type of transposition involves both- lexical and grammatical meanings
- •3Transposition of grammatical meanings that brings together incompatible forms - e.G. The use of a common noun as a proper one.
- •If you forget to invite somebidy’s aunt millie, I want to be able to say I had nothing to do with it.
- •I’m a marlow by birth, and we are a hot-blooded family.(follett).
- •The stylistic power of the pronoun
- •In this example the demonstrative pronouns do not point at anything but the excitement of the speaker.
- •It was robert ackley, this guy, that roomed right next to me. (salinger)
- •In the same book e. Hemingway calls a huge and strong fish as he.
- •The adjective and its stylistic functions
- •The commercial functional style makes a wide use of the violation of grammatical norms to captivate the reader’s attention:
- •The verb and its stylistic properties
- •If there’s a disputed decision, he said genially, they shall race again.(waugh)
- •Impatience, irritation:
- •I didn’t mean to hurt you.
- •I must say you’re disappointing me, my dear fellow.(berger)
- •I don’t want to look at sita. I sip my coffee as long as possible. Then I do look at her and see that all the colour has left her face, she is fearfully pale.(erdrich)
- •Affixation and expressiveness
I’m a marlow by birth, and we are a hot-blooded family.(follett).
A FORSYTE IS NOT AN UNCOMMON ANIMAL(GALSWORTHY)
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE USED WITH APROPER NAME MAY BECOME A POWERFUL EXPRESSIVE MEANS TO EMPHASIZE THE PERSON’S GOOD OR BAD QUALITIES.
YOU ARE NOT THE ANDREW MANSON I MARRIED.
THIS EXAMPLE IMPLIES THAT THIS ARTICLE EMBODIES ALL THE GOOD QUALITIES THAT ANDREW MANSON USED TO HAVE AND LOST IN THE EYES OF HIS WIFE.
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVICES OF GRADATION
OR HELP CREATE THE RHYTHM OF THE NARRATION :
BUT THEN HE WOULD LOSE SONDRA, HIS CONNECTIONS HERE, AND HIS UNCLE - THIS WORLD! THE LOSS!THE LOSS!THE LOSS.!
NO ARTICLE, OR THE OMISSION OF ARTICLE BEFORE A COMMON NOUN CONVEYS A MAXIMUM LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION, GENERALIZATION.
NOT SOUND, NOT QUIVER AS IF HORSE AND MAN HAD TURNED TO METAL.
The stylistic power of the pronoun
THE STYLISTIC FUNCTIONS OF THE PRONOUN ALSO DEPEND ON THE DISPARITY BETWEEN THE TRADITIONAL AND CONTEXTUAL MEANINGS.
THIS IS THE GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR OF THE FIRST TYPE BASED ON THE TRANSPOSITION OF THE FORM, WHEN ONE PRONOUN IS TRANSPOSED INTO THE ACTION SPHERE OF ANOTHER PRONOUN.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS: WE, YOU, THEY AND OTHERS CAN BE EMPLOYED IN THE MEANING DIFFERENT FROM THEIR DICTIONARY MEANING.
“THE PLURAL OF MAJESTY” - WE, CHARLES THE SECOND….
“THE PLURAL OD MODESTY”- NOW WE COME TO THE CONCLUSION…
“ THE PLURAL OF HUMILITY” - OH, WE ARE PROUD…
THE PRONOUN YOU AS INTENSIFIER:USED IN AN EXPRESSIVE ADDRESS OR IMPERATIVE:
JUST YOU GO IN AND WIN.(WAUGH)
GET OUT OF MY HOUSE< YOU FOOL, YOU IDIOT, YOU STUPID OLD BRIGGS.
PRONOUN I MAY TESTIFY TO THE SPEAKER’S COMPLACENCY AND EGOMANIA., WHILE YOU OR ONE USED IN REFERENCE TO ONESELF CHARACTERISE THE SPEAKER AS A RESERVED, SELF-CONTROLLED PERSON.
YOU CAN ALWAYS BUILD ANOTHER IMAGE FOR YOURSELF TO FALL IN LOVE WITH.
NO, YOU CAN’T . THAT’S THE TROUBLE, YOU LOSE THE CAPACITY FOR BUILDING. YOU RUN SHORT OF THE STUFF THAT CREATES BEAUTIFUL ILLUSIONS.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS MAY BE LOADED WITH EVALUATIVE CONNOTATIONS AND DEVOID OF ANY GRAMMATICAL MEANING OF POSSESSION.
WATCH WHAT YOU ARE ABOUT, MY MAN!
YOUR PRECIOUS CHARLES OR FRANK OR YOUR STUPID ASHLEY!
THE ABSOLUTE POSSESSIVE FORM MAY FULFILL THE SAME FUNCTION.
WELL, YOU TELL THAT HERMAN OF YOURS TO MIND HIS OWN BUSINESS.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS MAY GREATLY ENHANCE THE EXPRESSIVE COLOURING OF THE UTTERANCE.
THAT WONDERFUL GIRL! THAT BEAUTY! THAT WORLD OF WEALTH AND SOCIAL POSITION SHE LIVED IN!