Conclusion

Participation and the government's interest in the transactions of transportation due to the role of transport in the economy. The state needs a stable and efficient transportation system that allows you to maintain economic growth.

The transport industry is to deliver cost-effective products to markets across the country, ensuring the availability of goods to consumers at reasonable prices.

That the economy is stable and effective, the competitive and profitable system of transport services. In many countries, the state intervenes in the work of transport to a greater extent than in other industries. Such intervention may take the form of regulation, support or participate in the ownership. Regulation is that the government restricts access to certain markets, carriers or engage in a valuation of transport tariffs. Public policy support vehicles seen in the fact that the government is helping the industry in research and development, allocates land for railway lines or contains a system of air transport. Such control allows the government to exert considerable influence on the economic success of certain regions, industries or firms.

Overall, the transportation industry in Russia is characterized by high level of state involvement in all activities, including international ones. This can be attributed to several factors: first, transportation is of strategic and national importance to Russia, because it connects such a big country and keeps it together. Next, since Russia has an economy based on export of natural resources, transportation is crucial for proper functioning of the economy.

In the subindustry of international passenger transport, the role of the state in activities of companies is not as strong as in other transportation subindustries: most of the companies private (e.g. Utair, Ural Airlines, Transaero) and, due to international agreements (such as airline alliances), companies have a high degree of independence from the state. At the same time, the government has many avenues of influencing passenger transport companies, such as through airline regulations and airport fees and rules. (example: rules forcing small companies out afrer a series of crashes) In addition, some flights are regulated by the intergovernmental agreements (e.g. flight Moscow-London can only have 4 carriers flying it, 2 Russian and 2 British), restricting international expansion. Of course, there are many local transportation companies which are fully state-owned, but, since they do not have international operations, they will not be discussed (e.g. St Petersburg and Moscow metros, Mosgortrans).

In cargo transportation industry, state involvement is generally not very high compared to some other transport sectors, because this is not a strategically important subsector and does not impact national security or government revenues. It is in state’s best interest to not control his subsector too much. This is also reflected in the state transportation policy and strategy.

However, one section of the cargo transportation industry which is heavily regulated and controlled by the government is oil and natural resource transportation. This industry is strategically important for Russia’s economy, because over 50% of state budget comes from oil and gas extraction taxes and activities. For oil and gas to be sold and the government to get its money, these resources must first be transported abroad. Many of the companies in this sector are completely government owned and controlled, while others, which are partially or fully private, are closely monitored and controlled.

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