II. Vocabulary

1. mechanical [mɪˈkænɪkəl]	механический
mechanical power	механическая энергия
2. potential [pəˈtenʃəl] energy	потенциальная энергия
3. kinetic [ki'netik] energy	кинетическая энергия
4. to suppose [səˈpəuz]	полагать, предполагать
I suppose I got there about noon.	Я полагаю, что доберусь туда к полудню.
5. cylinder [ˈsɪlɪndə]	цилиндр
6. to lift up [lift]	поднимать
Suppose a metal cylinder is lifted up and then released.	Предположим, что металлический цилиндр поднимается и затем отпускается.
7. to release [rɪˈli:s]	отпускать
8. cuckoo ['kuku:]	кукушка
cuckoo clock	часы с кукушкой
9. gravitational [ˌɡrævɪˈteɪʃənəl]	гравитационный
10. to pump [pʌmp]	закачивать, накачивать
The water for the house is pumped up from a deep well.	Вода в дом подаётся насосом из глубокого колодца.
11. reservoir [ˈrezəvwɑ:]	резервуар, бассейн, водохранилище
12. to gain [ɡeɪn]	получать, приобретать
13. turbine [ˈtɜːbaɪn]	турбина
14. coiled [kɔɪld]	намотанный, свёрнутый в спираль
coiled spring [sprɪŋ]	пружина, рессора
15. motion [ˈməuʃən]	движение
to put in motion	запустить, привести в движение
16. to apply [əˈplaɪ]	применять, использовать
to apply brakes	тормозить
17. to reduce [rɪˈdju:s]	понижать, сокращать
18. to reduce prices	снижать цены

III. Reading comprehension

1 . Answer the Questions

1. What many types of mechanical energy are there? What are they?

2. Why is potential energy sometimes called gravitational potential energy?

3. What energy does water gain if it is pumped from a large reservoir up to a small reservoir in the hills?

4. What do we call the energy of a moving car?

5. When energy is stored by a change in position - what is this energy called?

2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones

1. There are two types of mechanical energy - potential energy and kinetic energy.

2. Sometimes gravitational potential energy is called kinetic energy.

3. The energy stored by the pumped water or the wound spring is kinetic energy.

4. If the object is lifted through the Earth's gravitational field this energy is called gravitational potential energy.

5. When a car is moving it has potential energy.

6. Petrol is burned in the engine and gives the car kinetic energy.

7. When the driver applies the brakes the car's kinetic energy is extended.

8. If a solid, liquid or gas is moving the substance has kinetic energy.

3. Choose the correct word or word combination

1. There are two types of .... energy - potential energy and kinetic energy.

a) solar

b) mechanical

c)gravitation

2. When a metal cylinder falls it can ... a cuckoo clock before it is released.

a) stop

b) lift

c) drive

3. Potential energy sometimes is called gravitational potential energy because the object is ... the Earth's gravitational field.

a) attracted to

b) released from

c) lifted through

4. If water is pumped from a large reservoir up to a small reservoir in the hills it gains ... energy.

a) potential

b) kinetic

c) solar

5. When energy is stored by a change in position it is called … energy.

a) potential

b) solar

c) mechanical

6. When the driver applies the brakes the car's kinetic energy is ...

a) applied

b) reduced

c) increased

4. Complete the sentences

1. There are two types of mechanical energy…………………………………………..

2. Potential energy is sometimes called gravitational potential energy because the

object is lifted through the Earth's……………………………………………………...

3. If water is pumped from a large reservoir up to a small reservoir in the hills it

gains………………………………………………………………………………….....

4. Some clocks, watches and toys operate from energy stored in……………………...

5. When energy is stored by a change in position it is called…………………………..

6. When a car is moving it has motion energy or………………………………………

7. When the driver applies the brakes the car's kinetic energy is………………………

8. If a solid, liquid or gas is moving, the substance has………………………………..