Summary

As it can be seen from the tables above, many of these companies get financial and tax support from the Russian government, which is rather interested in foreign investments of this kind in this sector of economy. The foreign market players which come to Russia provide local citizens with thousands of new working places and make a significant impact into the GDP of the country. The main directions of the governmental policy in the issues of automotive companies support are the following:

• Customs tariffs and taxes correction;

• Subsides provision for those individuals who are going to take a loan for a car purchase;

• Stimulation of the investments and public guarantees provision;

• Discount for cars delivery to the Far Eastern Federal district (in partnership with Russian Railways).

The Russian companies from this sector obviously get even more support which is expressed in governmental programs of financial help (for example, governmental subsidy loans program for AvtoVAZ or non-repayable loans), collaboration with the foreign partners (for instance, Renault), stimulation of demand through public purchases and old cars utilization mechanism.

All in all, these measures make the Russian automotive industry attractive for the foreign investors from the one side and help domestic companies stay competitive and expand abroad – from the other.

There are 2 more foreign companies which are not related to the automobile construction but in terms of Russian policy issues and market penetration mode they are quite similar to the foreign cars producers. These companies are Samsung and Indesit. The first one came to the Russian market in 1974 and has its production facilities in Lipetsk. The business of the company are refrigerators and washing machines. As for Samsung, it established the first plant in Russia in 2007 and exports the production from there also to Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The business of Samsung – TVs, monitors, mobile phones, players etc.

Group 3:

Finally, the last big group of the companies consists of those which produce heavy machinery such as airplanes, railways transport, shipment, agricultural technics and engineering machinery for fuel or chemical plants (compressors, turbines and other equipment). They are mostly local and some of them are state-owned. The majority of these companies was established in the Soviet times and was converted into holdings in the early 2000s. Exporting activities of these companies are quite intensive. The results of the analysis are listed in the table below.

Altaivagon

Country	Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Estonia, Mongolia, China
Year of entry	1970
Industry/ business area	Rail wagons, cisterns and platforms construction; steel-casting works
Entry mode	Export
Motives	Political reasons (relationships with the countries established in the Soviet times); demand in the countries; favorable logistics environment; high production capabilities of the enterprise
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	High quality of production; better access to resources (steel) in comparison to the countries of export; first mover advantage
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	State was involved in the process, because at that moment the enterprise was state-owned and its internationalization policy was defined by the Soviet government.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful and it remains successful now due to the many-years old relationships, wide network of the business contacts and high demand for the production in the buying countries.

JSC “Altaivagon” is one of the biggest Russian manufacturers of railway cargo vehicles (wagons, cisterns and transporting platforms). The main production of the company contains around 20 models of railway vehicles of different types and construction and able to transport any cargo. “Altaivagon” develops and produces these models, provides services of the vehicles and also operates in steel production.

The company was founded in 1941 and used to be fully state-owned. It went internationally in the 1970s establishing close contacts on the Chinese market. PRC was the first international partner of “Altaivagon” and further the company developed its exporting activities to Estonia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The choice of the countries was stipulated by the political relationships with the Soviet state, the existing demand on those markets together with a great access of “Altaivagon” to the main raw material – steel. Moreover, it was easy and relatively cheap to deliver the production to those countries due to the geographical location of the plants. “Altaivagon” has three plants in Russia (Novoaltaysk, Rubtsovsk and Kemerovo) where all the production is done.

In 2004 the enterprise was joined to The SDS (Sibirsky Delovoy Soyuz) Holding which is a private company. Today the company realizes the major part of its production on the Russian territory and also exports to the countries mentioned above. It possesses 10% of the railway vehicles construction market share in the CIS region and is the only supplier of the covered cargo wagons to all the railways network of CIS. Moreover, JSC “Altaivagon” is the only Russian producer of the car carriers.³⁷

According to the weekly magazine “Expert”, ³⁸JSC “Altaivagon” takes the second place in the ranking of the most dynamic medium enterprises in Russia (2011); its sales amount in 2011 was 126 billion RUB³⁹.

Nowadays JSC “Altaivagon” is supported by state on the local authorities’ level. It gets mostly financial support (backing of the credit rate for account of the Altay district’s budget).⁴⁰

Compressor Plant Borets

Country	China, Kazakhstan, Ukraine
Year of entry	1956
Industry/ business area	Compressor equipment, oil & gas equipment
Entry mode	Export and a representative office in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
Motives	Political reasons, existing demand, production capacities
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Products’ quality
First mover or follower	No information displayed
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	State was involved in the process, because at that moment the enterprise was state-owned and its internationalization policy was defined by the Soviet government.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	It is successful, the company keeps advancing in the international direction and has recently opened 2 representative offices abroad.

Compressor Plant Borets is the oldest compressor-construction manufacturer in Russia, located in Moscow and was established in 1897 by a German merchant. It designs, manufactures and provides services for the compressor equipment. In 2010 it was reorganized to the JSC.

The company today is one of the Russian leaders in the compressor and gas-distribution equipment and has a sound reputation of a developer and a producer of equipment for oil, gas, chemical, metallurgy and other industries⁴¹.

The plant is owned by a private individual, its organizational form is JSC and it has been privatized in the 1990s, what is quite typical for this kind of enterprises.

As for the internationalization activities, the scope is not that big, the company is mostly focused on the Russian market. However, it has recently opened 2 representative offices in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, those countries with which it has active exporting relationships.

In 2011 sales volume of the company was 17 136 million RUB⁴².

Electroshield Group

Country	CIS countries
Year of entry	1970s
Industry/ business area	Electrical and engineering construction
Entry mode	Export, representative offices
Motives	Political reasons, existing demand, production capacities, favorable logistics conditions
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Great experience (50 years), constant innovations (75% of all production), the only regional enterprise which is able to maintain production volume together with profit
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	State was involved in the process, because at that moment the enterprise was state-owned and its internationalization policy was defined by the Soviet government.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful due to the firm’s advantages on the foreign markets

The “Electroshield” company is a 70 years old Russian developer and manufacturer of electrical products with a great history and a brilliant reputation. During last 50 years the company takes a leading place on the Russian electrical market and during 40 years – on the construction industry market. The company is not only the one in Russia with such a sound experience of electro-production but also pays much attention to constant innovations. The new products share in total amount of production reaches 75%. Company’s sales are 21 634,20 million RUB in 2011.

The “Electroshield” company manufactures and realizes electrical products 0,4-220 kV as well as a great variety of construction materials including modular and industrial buildings.

The company was founded in 1943 as a service and maintenance basement for the Volzhskaya hydro plant building and now it has been developed into a great complex of enterprises. It includes several manufacturing areas, planning institutes, engineering and commercial facilities, assembly departments and 19 representative offices in Russia and CIS countries.⁴³

“Electroshield” is now owned by Russian state (25%, Rosimuschestvo) together with the company’s top-management (25%) and a French company “Schneider Electric” (50%).⁴⁴ At the moment of foundation as well as at the period of international expansion it was completely state-owned and the political connections of the Soviet government dictated its international policy.

HMS Group

Country	Belarus, Ukraine, Germany
Year of entry	1995
Industry/ business area	Pumps, compressor equipment production for oil & gas, power generation, utilities and water supply
Entry mode	FDI (brownfield, acquisition of production plants in Belarus, Ukraine and Germany). Joint venture: the HMS group includes 10 JSCs in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and Germany.
Motives	Historical reasons (the company was established as a supplier of compressor equipment from CIS countries); company’s strategy (to become a supplier of the equipment on the international level)
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Production quality, constant innovations, established long-term relationships abroad
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	The state did not participate in the internationalization process; the company was established as a private one
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful; the company develops dynamically and keeps expanding its international activities.

HMS Group is a dynamically growing diverse corporation that combines leading manufacturing (рumps, compressors, oil and gas equipment), engineering and construction companies. It operates on the markets of oil & gas, nuclear and thermal power generation, water supply & utilities, metallurgy etc. EPC⁴⁵ projects for oil & gas and water industry is one of the strategic directions of the HMS Group. The company claims its target as to become a globally operated machine building and engineering company, to become client-oriented pumps, compressors and processing equipment supplier and integrated solutions provider for oil & gas, power, water and environment.⁴⁶

The company was found in 1993 as a supplier of the compressor equipment to Russia from the CIS countries where the special types of pumps for the Russian market could be found. Starting from the 1995 the scope of the group’s activities became international and the company turned out into one of the leaders of the Russian pumps and compressors market. The HMS group operates in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Germany and has production plants in all these countries. The group includes 10 JSCs – large specialized producers of pump, compressor and block-modular oil-field equipment and the variety of design, engineering, construction and service companies: Livgidromash, Neftemash and Bavlensky Plant «Elektrodvigatel», Nasosenergomash (Sumy, Ukraine), Nizhnevartovskremservice and Livnynasos, VNIIAEN (Sumy, Ukraine), Tomskgazstroy, Sibkomplektmontazhnaladka, Dimitrovgradkhimmash, Plant Promburvod (Minsk, Belarus), NPO Gidromash (Sumy, Ukraine), Sibnefteavtomatika and Rostovsky Vodokanalproekt, Giprotyumenneftegaz, Hydromash, Sibneftemash, Bobruysk Machine Building Plant, Kazancompressormash and Apollo Goessnitz GmbH, German pump manufacturer⁴⁷. The company’s profit in 2011 was 23 563 million RUB⁴⁸.

The company is a private one and state is not included into the ownership or management processes. However, The HMS Group gets some financial support from the Russian government: for example, in 2011 Sberbank⁴⁹ opened a special credit line for the company for 3 years so that it was able to refinance its short-term debts and to reduce costs of the borrowed assets.

Irkut Corporation

Country	37 countries: India, Algeria, Cuba, China, Malaysia, Middle East, Africa, CIS countries, Europe
Year of entry	1937 – first export to China
Industry/ business area	Aircraft manufacturing
Entry mode	Export
Motives	Political reasons: during the conflict period between China and Japan the USSR made an agreement with China about fighters “СБ” supply; existing demand
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Production quality, political relationships
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	The State participated directly in the internationalization process
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was and still is successful due to the existing demand in the countries

The Irkut Corporation is the world-recognized leader of the Russian aerospace industry. It is arranged as the vertically integrated holding company with diversified products portfolio, able to conceive, design, build, deploy, and support top-of-the-line aircraft. The IRKUT Corporation has unified a number of prominent design and manufacturing companies — Irkutsk Aviation Plant, Beriev Aircraft Company, Yakovlev Design Bureau, BETA AIR Company and some others.

The Irkut Corporation’s main products are combat aircraft of the Su-30 family. The Corporation is a prime contractor in manufacturing the Su-30MKI multi-role fighters for the Indian Air Force. Under a product diversification program, the Corporation is also developing and manufacturing Yak-130 combat training aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles and components for Airbus passenger airliners. In the recent years Irkut has launched the program of developing the new passenger airliner  MC-21.

The Ircut Corporation exports its production to 37 countries all over the globe: to Africa, Middle East, Europe, China, ASEAN region, CIS countries. Its first foreign sales were in 1937 when the Soviet government took a decision to supply fighters “СБ” to China which was involved into the war conflict with Japan. Since that the corporation has significantly expanded its activities and sales abroad.⁵⁰

The Irkut Corporation is a part of a JSC “United Aircraft Corporation” which is fully state-owned. The United Corporation possesses over 92% of Irkut’s shares and thereby The Irkut Corporation is 92% state-owned⁵¹. The Corporation constantly gets state orders from abroad for the military production.

Kamskiy Kabel

Country	Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine
Year of entry	1956
Industry/ business area	Cabling and wiring products
Entry mode	Export
Motives	CIS countries – geographical location and political relationships. Europe and other countries abroad – almost no operations there
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Production quality
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	The company was state-owned at the period of internationalization, so it has a direct influence
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	CIS – yes, further abroad – no.

Kamskiy Kabel Ltd. is the largest Russian manufacturer of cables, wires and conductors operating also on the CIS countries market. The plant is situated in Perm; the company also has a representative office in Kazakhstan. The company is included into the Forbes list of 200 biggest non-public companies in Russia in 2011⁵².

Kamskiy Kabel Ltd.’s prior market is internal one because the demand of Russian enterprises for cable products is growing even faster than Kamskiy Kabel’s facilities. Over 85% of all production is sold in Russia, 12 – 13% - in the CIS countries and only 2% are sold abroad. The low export share is explained by the following reasons:

• Incompatibility of local Russian standards and international requirements;

• Higher price for the foreign customers because of transportation costs (3 – 10% of the cost of goods);

• Production capacities workload by internal orders.⁵³

Kirovskiy Zavod

Country	Over 20 countries (Germany, Great Britain, CIS and others)
Year of entry	First entry data is not displayed; series of joint ventures and acquisitions in 2011 – 2013.
Industry/ business area	Various portfolios. See below.
Entry mode	Export; FDI (brownfield): acquisition of German machinery plant Monforts Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH & Co, joint venture with tractor producer Same Deutz-Fahr and European holding Euro Group S.p.A.
Motives	To develop technological experience of Kirovskiy Zavod in the innovative production area and to improve the production facilities base of the enterprise; integration to the global economy.
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Experience, production quality, market knowledge acquired through M&A
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	Without any state involvement
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	It is too early to evaluate now.

Kirovskiy Zavod is a large group of companies, one of the biggest in the North-West region of Russia; in 2009 was included into the list of the system-formative enterprises of the Russian Federation. Its various business portfolio includes the following productions: equipment for agriculture, fuel and energy sector, road construction, industrial and civil engineering, oil and gas, nuclear energy, defense, forestry industry, utilities, railroad transport and shipbuilding. The production of Kirovskiy Zavod is exported to over 20 countries in the world.

It is difficult to say when exactly the company started export of its production abroad since there was no actual information displayed; however, in the recent years Kirovskiy Zavod leaded a series of M&A activities and thus penetrated the German tractor and metal construction market. The aim of these deals was to integrate to the global economy and to get new experience of the foreign partners. ⁵⁴

The company constantly collaborates with the Russian state through the state orders provision (Ministry of Defense, Rosimuschestvo, Rosatom).⁵⁵ Moreover, the company operates in the industrial machinery construction sector and thus gets a special governmental support⁵⁶.

The company is owned partly by private individuals (18%), partly by the Swiss banking group UBS (18%) and the majority of its stocks belong to the National Depository Company.⁵⁷

Machinery and Industrial Group N. V.

Country	Sales to 40 countries through dealer network of about 300 companies. Facilities in Germany, Denmark; distribution center in Ukraine, subsidiary in Malaysia.
Year of entry	2008
Industry/ business area	Facilities and spare parts for light and heavy engineering and off-road machinery. Industrial and agricultural machine building, manufacturing of spare parts and OEM components, railway and special machinery.
Entry mode	Export and FDI (brownfield); acquisitions and joint ventures with foreign partners.
Motives	To get access to a wider customer base and to get a new technology experience
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Market knowledge, widespread dealers network
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	No involvement
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful due to the wide network of partnerships and high production quality

Machinery & Industrial Group N.V. is a leading producer of facilities and spare parts for light and heavy engineering and off-road machinery. M&IG N.V. has a leading presence not only in key sectors of Russian and CIS countries economy but also worldwide. Its production is used in the oil & gas, fuel-and-energy, infrastructure, agriculture, construction and road-building sectors as well as in mining, metallurgical, transport and defense industries. 

From the headquarters in Cheboksary (Russia) the company operates 17 production facilities, several design bureaus located in 8 regions of Russia, Denmark and Germany. The production portfolio includes: industrial, railway and agricultural machine building, manufacturing of spare parts and OEM components and special machinery. Diversified production portfolio of the Concern guarantees broad customer base which is being promoted by five special trading-service companies in more than 40 countries worldwide through extensive dealer network of about 300 companies.⁵⁸

The company started active internationalization processes in 2008 with acquiring 74% of shares of a German producer of autocomponents Farinia Group. After this deal the holding got an access to the flagship European technologies and such global producers as Buhler, BHS Corrugated, Caterpillar, CNH, Copeland, Cummins, Danfoss Bauer and General Electric, who were the existing customers of the German company⁵⁹.

The company is private; as for the state involvement, in different sectors of its operations it varies; for example, in the agricultural machinery construction the government does not support exporting activities and in general the average export volume in agricultural sector dropped by 27,1% in 2012⁶⁰. In the industrial machinery construction industry the government takes a set of supporting measures which are listed in the conclusive part of this report.

OMZ Group

Country	Czech Republic, CIS countries
Year of entry	2004
Industry/ business area	Equipment for the nuclear power industry; Engineering and equipment for the oil and gas industry; Production of special steels; Mining equipment
Entry mode	Export to CIS countries; FDI (acquisition of Skoda JS. group of companies)
Motives	Reliable partner with a sound experience and a big customers base
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Price, quality, and production schedule and delivery of equipment
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	No direct involvement
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	The internationalization was successful

OMZ Group is one of Russia's largest heavy engineering companies. The group’s activities are diversified and include the following business areas: equipment for the nuclear power industry, engineering and equipment for the oil and gas industry, production of special steels and mining equipment.

The company is private; it is owned by JSC Forpost Management (46,31%), Investresource Ltd. (18,55%), OMZ B. V. (17,33%) and other private shareholders. As other companies operating in this industry, it gets support from the Russian government (financial – tax, subsides, legislative etc.). It also cooperates with a strong financial partner – Gazprombank, whose top-managers are represented in the company’s board of directors⁶¹.

The company has been trading with CIS countries since the Soviet period of its history, which is very typical for the companies from this industry; in 2004 it went global and acquired a group of Czech steeling companies Skoda JS. It brought the company to a new level of operations together with an access to the new technologies.

Power Machines

Country	Exports to 57 countries with significant market in Asia. Offices and branches in Argentina Bulgaria, Vietnam, Greece, Egypt, India, China, Iraq, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan Turkey, Chile
Year of entry	2001
Industry/ business area	Energy systems machine-building company; produces steam turbines, including turbines for nuclear plants
Entry mode	Export, representative offices; acquisition of a plant in Croatia, joint venture with Siemens
Motives	Go global; international expansion, customers, experience
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	High production quality and a great dealers network
First mover or follower	Follower
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	No direct participation of the state
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	It was successful: 57 countries, 4th place in the world (see below).

Power Machines was established in 2000 and unified 6 large JSCs in one holding of energy-systems machinery building producers. It provides operating facilities in 57 countries and takes the 4^th place in the world in this respect.

Power Machines company is not only a large exporter of the energy systems facilities (started foreign operations in 2001 in order to integrate the global economy and expand its markets) but also possesses 100% shares of a Croatian plant “Duro Dakovic” (one of the largest European boiler equipment manufacturer) and has a joint venture with the Siemens company operating on the Russian market.⁶²

The company is private and is controlled by a private capital. The major part of its shares belongs to the Interros holding (owner – Vladimir Potanin).⁶³

Sukhoi

Country	India, Algeria, China, Indonesia , Vietnam etc.
Year of entry	1964
Industry/ business area	Major Russian aircraft manufacturer, famous for its fighters.
Entry mode	Export
Motives	Existing demand, political connections
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	High quality and unique experience
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	State participated directly (state-ownership)
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	Internationalization was successful through the years of global operations

Sukhoi is Russia’s major aircraft holding company, employing more than 26,000 people. 100% of stock of the Sukhoi Aviation Holding Company (JSC) belongs to the United Aircraft Corporation (JSC, state company). The Company supports a complete cycle of work in aircraft engineering: from frontend engineering to comprehensive aftersales support. The holding's products, such as Su- marque combat aircraft, are state-of-the-art weapons systems in the global market, which form the backbone of the frontline aviation of Russia and tactical air forces of many other countries. The Company is Russia's major manufacturer of export aircraft, placed 3rd in the world in terms of the numbers of modern fighters produced. The Company is currently implementing promising programs in the field of military and civil aircraft engineering.

The company has a great history, also in terms of internationalization: it started selling its fighters abroad in the 1960s and nowadays the production of the company is taken on for the military forces in more than 30 countries. The company has always been state-owned, so its operations are under direct influence of the government⁶⁴.

TransMash Holding

Country	CIS and Eastern Europe
Year of entry	2002
Industry/ business area	Rail transport (wagons and components), rail services.
Entry mode	Export; sales representatives; joint venture with a French partner Alstom Transport
Motives	Existing demand; strategic partnerships for technological improvement, access to the European quality and experience
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Quality and price
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	State company is one of the primary owners of the holding and thus it was directly involved into the processes of internationalization.
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	Internationalization was successful.

CJSC Transmashholding is the biggest Russian company in the transport engineering industry, the world’s leader in railway engineering in actual volume of production. Transmashholding is the largest supplier of rolling stock for the world's biggest transportation company – JSC Russian Railways. Products of the enterprises of the Company are operated in dozens of countries in all climatic zones of the world.

The enterprise was established in April 15, 2002. The only nominee shareholder is Breakers Investments BV (Netherlands). Among the owners are OJSC Russian Railways and Alstom Transport, French engineering group Alstom Transport.⁶⁵ The partnership with the French company provides the holding with an access to the most modern technologies and a sound experience and European market knowledge.

The company is very active in exporting its production abroad to the CIS countries (relationships which exist since the Soviet times) and to the Eastern Europe. As it has been mentioned, one of the primary owners of the holding is a state monopoly, which provides it with up to 70% of state orders and production contracts. Russian metropolitan is the second biggest orders provider for the holding (7 -8 billion RUB profit each year).⁶⁶

TVEL

Country	15 countries (40% - Ukraine, 60% - CIS, Europe, India)
Year of entry	1994
Industry/ business area	Production of fuel assemblies and components for them, as well as services for development, licensing, and scientific and technical support of fuel operation.
Entry mode	Export and strategic partnerships with foreign fuel producers
Motives	Expansion of the cooperative collaboration in the global energy industry
Firm specific advantages used on the foreign market	Outstanding quality of the products
First mover or follower	First mover
Type of state involvement in the process of internationalization	The state participated directly since the company is fully state-owned
Evaluation of the success of the internationalization	It was successful (17% of the world market)

TVEL Fuel Company is a division of Rosatom State Corporation.  Basic activities of the TVEL Fuel Company are focused on development, fabrication and sales (including export sales) of nuclear fuel and associated nonnuclear products. TVEL includes large Russian enterprises that specialize in fabrication, supply and scientific and engineering support of nuclear fuel operation at NPPs of Russia and both near and far abroad countries. Among the affiliated companies of TVEL there are enterprises producing gas centrifuges, separating and sublimation and fuel fabrication plants.

TVEL completely meets the needs in nuclear fuel of Russia atomic energy sector. All Russian NPPs, research reactors and navy transport plants use fuel of TVEL.

Nowadays nuclear fuel of TVEL, JCS is applied at NPPs of Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and the Netherlands. Fuel Company enterprises manufacture fuel for nuclear power plants of China, India and Iran. In total, TVEL, JSC provides for the needs of 76 power reactors in Russia, and in 15 European and Asian countries (17% of the world market), as well as for 30 research reactors throughout the world. The company is constantly expanding its international markets negotiating contracts for fuel supply to the Asian region. Moreover, it is included into several international strategic partnership projects since 1994 in order to support the policy of cooperative collaboration in the global energy industry.