In this case, unlike the titanium alloys are widely used in medicine, pure titanium has a complete biocompatibility with bone tissue.

High strength to strength state of more than 800 MPa was found in nanostructured aluminum alloys, demonstrating the ability to achieve them strength higher than that of steel.

Another example - the record values of superplasticity, substantially more significant than specific to fine condition. Structure refinement in Al-and Ti-alloys, using the SDI, will significantly shift the speed interval of manifestation of superplasticity deformation to higher speeds at the same time to reduce the temperature of deformation. These unique properties of nanostructured alloys can greatly enhance the practical application of high-speed and low-temperature superplasticity for effective molding of various parts and complex shapes. Moreover, superplasticity nanostructured materials can be used as the connecting layer welding of different materials in the solid state and different chemical composition.

In bulk nanomaterials change not only the mechanical properties. In ferromagnetic materials, in which the grain size becomes comparable to the size of domains, significantly (10-fold) increases the coercive force, and the domain structure is different in nature from the structure in the conventional materials. In bulk silicon and germanium nanostructures change the optical properties.

It is most important can change the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles compared to the bulk material. This is evident from a comparison of the properties of the bulk material and nanoparticles of this material on the example of a number of metals (Table 1.3). [1]

For typical ferromagnetic transition to the superparamagnetic state is possible when the particle size is less than 1 ... 10 nm.

The value of the coercive force Hc increases with decreasing average particle size up to a critical size. For metals such as Fe, Ni, Co maximum Hc reached for particles with an average diameter of 20 ... 25 ... 50 ... 70 and 20 nm, respectively. At the same time, there are no clearly articulated views on the causes of changes in the magnetization of ferromagnetic nanoparticles.

Table 1.3 - Comparison of the properties of the bulk material and nanoparticles

metals	array	nanoparticles
Na, K, Rh, Pd	paramagnetic	ferromagnetic
Fe, Co, Ni, Gd, Tb	Ferromagnetic	superparamagnetic
Cr	antiferromagnet broken	paramagnetic

The magnetic properties of nanomaterials reflects changes in the make of the crystal structure of solids. When reducing the size of the ferromagnetic circuit of magnetic flux inside it is less energetically favorable. When a certain critical size (Dcr), the particles are single-domain, which is accompanied by an increase in the coercive force Hc to the maximum value. Further reduction in particle size leads to a sharp drop of the coercive force to zero, due to the transition to supermagnitnoe state.

In general, the magnetic properties of nanomaterials as a new and promising opportunities for new discoveries and achievements. Thin layers of magnetic materials such as iron, combined with layers of chalcogenides are important for non-volatile recording devices.

The nature of the influence of nano-sized grains on the physical properties of metals, and service is mixed. However, it is of interest made in an attempt to link this issue to the materials obtained by the IAP with a certain state of the grain boundaries.

For this concept to conventional materials occurs raznovesnoe state grain boundary structure with the minimum free energy at these kristallogeometricheskih parameters and environmental conditions. At the same time, the grain boundaries nanozernistyh materials contain redundant with respect to the body of grain dislocations and disclinations, ie system "the amount of grain - grain boundary" in equilibrium.

When SDI is a transition (transformation) vnutrezerennyh dislocations in grain boundary. In the ground at SDI beans dramatically increases the number of structural defects, ie their disequilibrium. Atomic displacements in the border areas are changing the dynamics of lattice vibrations, leading to a change in such fundamental properties as the elastic moduli, the Curie temperature, the Debye etc.

When heated, grain boundary dislocations and disclinations pass in the amount of grain, and the metal goes to normal with ordinary properties.

Interesting and promising area of nanomaterials is podshihtovka UD powder to conventional powders with their pressing and sintering. When podshihtovke 0.1 ... 0.5% UDP to conventional nickel powders of iron and nickel powder products porosity is reduced by 4 ... 7% while reducing the sintering temperature of 150 ... 200 0C. Upon receipt of powder nickel-molybdenum steel replacement UDP nickel carbonyl nickel oxalate increased the strength of the product is 1.5 times, and their plastic properties in 4 times. The addition of UDP 0,5% Ni +0,5 ... 1,0% Cu 0.3% C steel to powder 17N2 HRP produces powdered steel toughness 1.1 ... 1.15 MJ/m2, which is close to level of cast steel and 1.5 times higher than the COP for forged steel H17N2. Porosity were reduced by feeding a supplement with 11 to 10 ... 5 .. 6%, the hardness increases by 1.5 times, reaching 1.2 ... 1.6 GPa.

From REALISED volume compact nanomaterials, except in the above example of powder steel and use of nanostructured titanium in medicine, as a material for implants, prostheses and instruments should indicate the permanent magnets with high coercivity and prospects nanozernistyh products in aircraft and automotive, As high-threaded connections.

Along with the metal volume nanomaterials obtained also nonmetallic. An example is polinanokristallicheskie diamonds, ie Polycrystalline diamond with nanometer size of their constituent crystals. Superhard material was prepared by pressure treatment fullerite crystals formed fullerene sphere-like carbon molecules C60, in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a sphere to form on the surface of pentagons and hexagons.

Besides pure fullerenes and metallofullerenes also known, in particular phases of the FehS60 of high mechanical properties, which were discovered during the sintering of powder mixtures in a vacuum.

Special kind of compact nanomaterials are thin films. A two-dimensional nanomaterials. Use mainly in electronics, these films are produced by condensation from the vapor phase by implementing, for example, magistronnoe spray.