- •Lexicology as a linguistic discipline.
- •Lexicology as a brunch of linguistics. Types of Lexicology.
- •The connection of lexicology with other linguistic disciplines. Methods of lexicological research.
- •General problems of the theory of the Word.
- •1.Lexicology as a brunch of linguistics. Types of Lexicology.
- •The notion of the linguistic sign.
- •2.The connection of lexicology with other linguistic disciplines. Methods of lexicological research.
- •The Transformational Analysis
- •3. General problems of the theory of the word.
- •Lecture 2 Etymological characteristics of Modern English vocabulary
- •1. Native words in English.
- •2. Borrowings in English vocabulary. Classification of borrowings.
- •Classification of borrowings according to the language from which they were borrowed
- •French borrowings
- •Italian borrowings.
- •German borrowings.
- •Holland borrowings.
- •Russian borrowings.
- •3. Etymological doublets
- •Lecture 3 Morphological structure of English words. Wordbuilding
- •1. Morphological structure of English words.
- •2. Different ways of wordbuilding in English.
- •3. Productive ways of word-building in English.
- •Lecture 4 Semantic structure of English words. Semantic processes.
- •1. Semasiology. Word-meaning. Lexical and grammatical meaning.
- •2. Polysemy in Modern English, its role and sources. Homonymy, Synonymy. Antonyms in me.
- •3. Semantic processes. Change of meaning.
- •Lecture 5 homonymy and synonymy in modern english
- •1. Homonymy in English. The sources of homonymy
- •Sources of Homonymy
- •2. Classification of Homonyms
- •4. Classification of synonyms
- •Ideographic (which he defined as words conveying the same notion but differing in shades of meaning),
- •Lecture 6 english phraseology
- •1. Phraseological units in English.
- •2. Ways of forming phraseological units.
- •1. Phraseological units in English.
- •2. Ways of forming phraseological units. Their classification.
- •Lecture 7
- •1. The words of informal stylistic layer.
- •Informal Style
- •Colloquial Words
- •Dialect words
- •2. The formal layer of the English vocabulary.
- •Learned Words
- •3. Professionalisms.
- •4. Stylistically neutral layer of the English vocabulary.
- •5. Neologisms in English.
- •Lecture 8 English as the world language. Varieties of English.
- •1. Historical and economic background of widespreading English.
- •2. Some of the distinctive characteristics of american english
- •3. The language of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
- •4. Some other varieties of English (English of India and Pakistan, African English)
- •2. Historical development of British and American Lexicography.
- •3. Classification of dictionaries
3. Classification of dictionaries
All dictionaries are divided into linguistic and encyclopaedic dictionaries. Encyclopaedic dictionaries describe different objects, phenomena, people and give some data about them. Linguistic dictionaries describe vocabulary units, their semantic structure, their origin, their usage. Words are usually given in the alphabetical order.
Linguistic dictionaries are divided into general and specialized. To general dictionaries two most widely used dictionaries belong: explanatory and translation dictionaries. Specialized dictionaries include dictionaries of synonyms, antonyms, collocations, word-frequency, neologisms, slang, pronouncing, etymological, phraseological and others.
All types of dictionaries can be unilingual if the explanation is given in the same language, bilingual if the explanation is given in another language and also they can be polylingual. In explanatory dictionaries the entry consists of the spelling, transcription, grammatical forms, meanings, examples, phraseology.
Translation dictionaries give words and their equivalents in the other language. There are English-Russian dictionaries by I.R. Galperin, by Y.Apresyan and others. Among general dictionaries we can also mention Learner’s dictionaries. They began to appear in the second half of the 20-th century. The most famous is «The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary» by A.S. Hornby. It is a unilingual dictionary for advanced foreign learners and language teachers. It gives data about grammatical and lexical valency of words. Specialized dictionaries of synonyms are also widely used, one of them is «Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms». These are unilingual dictionaries. The best known bilingual dictionary of synonyms is «English Synonyms» compiled by Y. Apresyan.
In 1981 «The Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English» was compiled, where words are given in 14 semantic groups of everyday nature. Each word is defined in detail, its usage is explained and illustrated, synonyms, antonyms are presented also. Phraseological dictionaries describe idioms and colloquial phrases, proverbs. Some of them have examples from literature. Some lexicographers include not only word-groups but also anomalies among words. In «The Oxford Dicionary of English Proverbs» each proverb is illustrated by a lot of examples, there are stylistic references as well. The most famous bilingual dictionary of phraseology was compiled by A.V. Kunin. It is one of the best phraseological dictionaries.
Etymological dictionaries trace present-day words to the oldest forms of these words and forms of these words in other languages. One of the best etymological dictionaries was compiled by W. Skeat. Pronouncing dictionaries record only pronunciation. The most famous is D. Jones’ s «Pronouncing Dictionary».
Dictionaries of neologisms are: a four-volume «Supplement to NED» by Burchfield, «The Longman Register of New Words»/1990/, «Bloomsury Dictionary of New Words» /1996/.