- •Lexicology as a linguistic discipline.
- •Lexicology as a brunch of linguistics. Types of Lexicology.
- •The connection of lexicology with other linguistic disciplines. Methods of lexicological research.
- •General problems of the theory of the Word.
- •1.Lexicology as a brunch of linguistics. Types of Lexicology.
- •The notion of the linguistic sign.
- •2.The connection of lexicology with other linguistic disciplines. Methods of lexicological research.
- •The Transformational Analysis
- •3. General problems of the theory of the word.
- •Lecture 2 Etymological characteristics of Modern English vocabulary
- •1. Native words in English.
- •2. Borrowings in English vocabulary. Classification of borrowings.
- •Classification of borrowings according to the language from which they were borrowed
- •French borrowings
- •Italian borrowings.
- •German borrowings.
- •Holland borrowings.
- •Russian borrowings.
- •3. Etymological doublets
- •Lecture 3 Morphological structure of English words. Wordbuilding
- •1. Morphological structure of English words.
- •2. Different ways of wordbuilding in English.
- •3. Productive ways of word-building in English.
- •Lecture 4 Semantic structure of English words. Semantic processes.
- •1. Semasiology. Word-meaning. Lexical and grammatical meaning.
- •2. Polysemy in Modern English, its role and sources. Homonymy, Synonymy. Antonyms in me.
- •3. Semantic processes. Change of meaning.
- •Lecture 5 homonymy and synonymy in modern english
- •1. Homonymy in English. The sources of homonymy
- •Sources of Homonymy
- •2. Classification of Homonyms
- •4. Classification of synonyms
- •Ideographic (which he defined as words conveying the same notion but differing in shades of meaning),
- •Lecture 6 english phraseology
- •1. Phraseological units in English.
- •2. Ways of forming phraseological units.
- •1. Phraseological units in English.
- •2. Ways of forming phraseological units. Their classification.
- •Lecture 7
- •1. The words of informal stylistic layer.
- •Informal Style
- •Colloquial Words
- •Dialect words
- •2. The formal layer of the English vocabulary.
- •Learned Words
- •3. Professionalisms.
- •4. Stylistically neutral layer of the English vocabulary.
- •5. Neologisms in English.
- •Lecture 8 English as the world language. Varieties of English.
- •1. Historical and economic background of widespreading English.
- •2. Some of the distinctive characteristics of american english
- •3. The language of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
- •4. Some other varieties of English (English of India and Pakistan, African English)
- •2. Historical development of British and American Lexicography.
- •3. Classification of dictionaries
2.The connection of lexicology with other linguistic disciplines. Methods of lexicological research.
Lexicology is closely connected with Phonetics, Grammar and Stylistics.
Lexicology and phonetics. The meaning of the word depends upon phonemes it consists of. It can be easily proved (hop - hope). The stress is also very important.
Lexicology and grammar. Lexicology and grammar are closely connected. Woreds confirm to the grammatical system of the language. The characteristics features of English word building, the morphologucal structure of the English word depend upon the peculiarities of the English grammatical system.
Lexicology and stylistics. Stylistics treats many problems studied in lexicology. They are: problems of meaning, synonymy, antonymy, lexical strata.
Lexicology and history of language. Many problems in lexicology may be understood only on the basis of historical study, e.g. changes in the vocabulary, its development. Modern English lexicology is a part of the theoretical course of Modern English. Its other parts are: phonetics, grammar, stylistics, history of the English language.
Lexicology and methods. The course in MEL is of great significance for learner and helps to form the learner’s vocabulary. The knowledge of lexicology gives him an understanding all the laws of the vocabulary and summarizes the practical lexical material known to the student and helps the student to develop his skills and habits of generalizing the linguistic phenomena. This student will apply this knowledge to language teaching.
There are 2 principal approaches to the study of the l-ge material in lexicology.:
synchronic
diachronic
With regard to L. the synchronic approach is concerned with the V. of the l-ge and its existence at a given time. The diachronic approach deals with the change and the development of the V. in the course of time, that is in the context of the processes through which it grew, developed and acquired its modern form:
e.g. diachronically the words ”country” and ”follow” are borrowed, but sinchronically they are regarded as being English.
In the course of time differnt methods of structural study of meaning appeared and developed:
One of them is distributional analysis.
disributional analyses – it is the study of the possible variants of the immediate lexical , grammatical, and phonetical environment of a given language unit. In this analysis linguists apply to coding (N., Adj., V etc.).
I want some water. I water the flowers every day.
The Statistical Analysis
An important and promising trend in modern Linguistics which has been making progress during the last few decades is quantitative study of language phenomena and application of statistical methods in linguistic analysis.
It is common knowledge that very few- people know more than I0% of the words of their mother tongue. Hence, if we do not wish to waste time on committing to memory vocabulary items which are never likely to be useful to the learner, we have to select only lexical units that are commonly used by native speakers. Thus, it is evident that the problem of selection of leaching vocabulary is of vital importance. It is also evident that by far the most reliable single criterion is that of frequency as, presumably, the most useful items are those that occur most frequently in our language use.
Statistical techniques have been successfully applied in the analysis of various linguistic phenomena: different structural types of words, affixes, the vocabularies of great waters and poets and even in the study of some problems of Historical Lexicology.
The Immediate Constituents Analysis
The theory of Immediate Constituents (IC) was originally elaborated as an attempt to determine the ways in which lexical units are relevant;. related to one another. For example, in the word-group a black dress in severe style we do not relate a to black, black to dress, dress to m. etc. hut set up a structure which may be represented as a black dress / in severe style. Thus, the fundamental aim of the IC analysis is to segment a set of lexical units into two maximally independent sequences or ICs thus revealing the hierarchical structure of this set.