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Exercise 3. Read the text and choose the right variant for each gap from the words given below: a Short History of Beef

The word beef, which (0)… to the flesh of a cow or an ox, did not come to England with William the Conqueror, as many people believe: it was first (1)… over from France towards the (2)… of the thirteenth century. There are records of beef being eaten nearly 4 500 years ago and beef was the most (3)… food with the Romans when they (4)… in Britain. The Anglo Saxons (5)… to prefer mutton or pork, but the Normans were definitely (6)… on beef. The Normans also preferred cow's milk to sheep's milk and as a (7)… there was a steady rise in the number of cows in Britain, so that (8)… the thirteenth century beef had become the country's favourite meat. It has (9)… that position ever since and the "roast beef of old England" has a special (10)… not only in the hearts of the English people but also in their (11)…, especially when beef is accompanied by Yorkshire pudding, a traditional English (12)…. The word beef has also acquired several metaphorical meanings in (13)… English. It can (14)… "muscular power or effort", as in the adjective "beefy" or to complain, as in "Stop beefing about your job all the time". Both of these uses of the word came (15)… from the United States in the nineteenth century.

A

B

C

D

0

means

refers

used

names

1

brought

came

taken

fetched

2

end

finish

conclusion

final

3

favourite

tasty

popular

best

4

arrived

reached

visited

gone

5

would

had

insisted

tended

6

fonder

keener

preferred

enthusiastic

7

conclusion

rule

result

cause

8

until

at

by

on

9

kept

got

been

continued

10

part

situation

piece

place

11

kitchen

cook

meal

cuisine

12

cooking

plate

food

dish

13

everyday

today

usual

nowadays

14

refer

intend

signal

mean

15

along

to

over

round

Exercise 4. Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If a line is correct, put a tick (√). If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word.

The Sandwich

0

John Montague, the eleventh Earl of Sandwich, was so keen

the

00

on the gambling that he could not drag himself away from the

1

card table, even for a meal. Once he has spent 24 hours playing

2

cards without once getting up to eat or drink. Instead, to stop

3

himself from feeling hungry during the game, he had his servants

4

make to him a special "portable" meal, made up of a piece of cold

5

beef between two slices of a toast. There was nothing original

6

in putting a piece of bread round vegetables or even if round a

7

lump of meat. It had been done for as long as bread itself had

8

existed. However, it was this famous incident that it gave the

9

snack a name: the sandwich. The first written record we have of the

10

use of the word in this sense goes back to 1762. The word was

11

well off established by the middle of the nineteenth century and

12

even began to be used as a verb whose meaning "to put something

13

between two things of another type", as in the, "I found myself

14

sandwiched between a crowd of football fans and a brick wall".

15

Also, someone who carries away two advertising boards over his

shoulders came to be known as a "sandwich man".

TASK 4