V. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the "ing" forms:

a) 1. He got off a moving tram. 2. The professor was making an experiment. 3. Instead of going to the cinema he went to the club. 4. Having come into the room, the teacher began the lesson. 5. The engineer was glad at our having made the machine parts so well. 6. The teacher objects to our translating such an easy texf with a dictionary. 7. Translating this text I made many mistakes. 8. We shall do some reading today. 9. He went away after having been examined. 10. Having studied for five years, he became an engineer. 11. Being told the news he ran off at once to tell his friend. 12. Look at the falling snow! 13. The trunk having been packed, they went to the station. 14. The tourists had many talks with Russian workers, two of them speaking Russian well.

b) 1. Using radioactive isotopes, biologists are able to carry out new kinds of research. 2. Using radioactive isotopes opens up new possibilities in various fields of science, industry and agriculture, 3. The range of scientific problems being discussed at the conference was very extensive. 4. I did not know of his having visited this laboratory. 5. For black tea, the leaves are fermented before being dried. 6. The plant metabolism differs from that of the animal in having the additional synthetic process of photosynthesis. 7. If nerve is stimulated by being

pinched by an electric current, or by some other means, the galvanometer will register a flow of current. 8. Before being planted, potatoes are cut into several pieces, each piece having at least one eye. 9. The type of complex reaction having been the object of numerous investigations

will be discussed. 10. The grasshopper jumps, the leap being several times the length of the body. 1l. Plants and animals are alike having protoplasmic basis.

VI. Change the following sentences into the plural:

1. This theory is very interesting. 2. The child studies the structure of the leaf. 3. The fly breeds very rapidly. 4. The boy examined the fly under a microscope. 5. He treats this bacterium with a chemical. 6. The datum received by him is very interesting. 7. This doctor carries on his experiments on rabbits.

VII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitives:

a) 1. I want you to know that he is getting much better. 2. As he wanted her to be a biologist he made her enter the University. 3. We all know him to be an honest man. 4. We wanted him to bring back our books. 5. We expect him to come tomorrow. 6. It was clear she didn't want me to know the truth. 7. We see the children play in the garden. 8. We supposed all the details of the plan to have been explained to you long ago. 9. My friend wants me to go to the lecture with him. 10. the child felt his mother take him by the hand. 11. We have heard him lecture many times. 12. I was sitting at my table when I heard something jump-in through the window. 13. Unfortunately everyone knew him to have done it on purpose. 14. He believed plants to influence soil development. 15. He found the enzymes to have played an important part in the building of that complex substance from a simple one. 16. Some scientists believe a virus to be a possible cause of cancer.

b) 1. Some research workers of this laboratory are known to work at the same problem. 2. A man has been known to die in less than an hour after being bitten by a large cobra. 3. Substances are-known to burn when they unite with the oxygen of the air. 4. He is supposed to be one of the greatest writers of our time. 5. He appeared to be quite another man. 6. This student is considered to have a good knowledge of mathematics. 7. Most of the bacteria recovered from marine bottom deposits prove to be anaerobs. 8. Plant tissues are known to perish if deprived of light for a long period of time. 9. Before the revolution Michurin is known to have been surrounded by people who did not understand his ideas. 10. I happened to be present at this experiment

c) I. At present the only thing for you to do is to work systematically. 2. I took a taxi for her not to walk to the station. З..It is my purpose in this paper to describe all the parts of this engine in detail for you to understand, what a complicated mechanism it is. 4. There are times when the soil is too cold or dry for root elongation to occur.