IX. Translate into Russian:

1. The chemists have developed new polymers, some of them having a high degree of strength. 2, The conversation was interesting, many students taking part in it

3. Medium temperature between 200° and 250° С having been maintained, a new artificial substance was obtained.

4. In the cells there is often division of labour, particular cells being more concerned with some life functions than with others.

5. Already about 350,000 different kinds of plants have been studied and namedi new kinds being discovered each year.

6. The temperature of the tissue rising dangerously, water will evaporate through the mesophiil cells.

7. Conifers being beautiful trees, many people like to have them around their houses to decorate the landscape. 8. The botany-zoology system grew up naturally as biological science developed, the emphasis during its early years being placed on structure and relationships.

X. Read and translate the text into Russian and then back into English, compare your version with the original:

The phenomena of life are associated with a particular substance called protoplasm, which has definite and specific characteristics. Physically, protoplasm js a grayish jelly-like substance. Its consistency varies with different internal and external conditions from a fluid to a firm jelly. Protoplasm is found within the cells of living organisms. They are the smallest microscopic structural units of fife. Chemically it is a complex mixture of many different combinations of elements. Analysis of the protoplasm of different kinds of organisms show that thirty-four elements may enter into its composition.

XI. Listen to the recording of the following text and reproduce it in Russian:

The living substance of plants and animals is organized into protoplasm. Protoplasm is the basic material of all Hvirig systems and its general properties are fundamentally the same in each system, plant or animal. It does, however, differ somehow from one phnt species to another, from one animal species to another. Protoplasm has a complex physicochemical structure. Common anayltical procedures cause the death of protoplasm and thus bring about instantaneous changes in its structure. Nevertheless, a reasonably informative, picture of protoplasm is now available.

XII. Translate the text with a dictionary in writing:

The nucleus is a fairly large, generally spherical body located more or less centrally in the cell. It stains in a distinctive manner and includes one or more dense, heavily staining bodies, the nucleoli.

The nucleus is the controlling center of the cell. An enucleated cell, or a cell fragment witfiout a nucleus, can carry on some of its functions for a short period, but its ability to grow is limited and reproduction can not occur. On the other hand, fragments containing nucleus may grow and may eventually divide. Correlation of observations on inheritance with details of cell structure shows clearly that, with a few exceptions, the factors .that control heredity are located in the chromosomes, which lie in the nucleus and make up most of its bulk. The chief components of these hereditary factors, the genes, appears to be DNA. To a great extent DNA controls cell growth and cell function. RNA performs a function outside the nucleus related to the riuqlear activity of the chromosomal DNA.