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II Read and translate the following text: metric system

The aspiration of many European scientists for the creation of a new single and uniform metrical system fulfilled at the duration of French Revolution. King Louis the sixteenth (XVI) proposed the creation of a decimal metrical system.

In 1670 Gabriel Mouton, famous scientist, being aware of the fact that this new metrical system should be based on earthly measurement, proposed a decimal metrical system, which would be based on the length of a thin arc of meridian. Later in 1671 Jean Packard, a French astronomer, proposed one unit of length based in pendulum. Nevertheless one century had to pass up to the creation of metric system.

In 1790 the French national assembly assigned to French Academy of Sciences to create immutable models for all the meters and all the weights. The academy created a system of units that was simultaneously simple and scientifically based on the proposal of Gabriel Mouton. In June, 1799 the metric system was adopted.

Finally the basis unit of length – meter was defined. The new units of surface and volume resulted from the meter were the square and cubic meter respectively.

Also as a basic unit of weight was the gram .The gram is equal to the mass of a cubic centimeter of clean water in the temperature of biggest density (4° C) The liter, resulted from the volume of cube with length of each side equal to 10 centimeters.

Multiples of square meter are: the Are, the Acre (10 are) and the hectare (100 are).

Even though the metric system was not accepted with enthusiasm, its adoption from other nations began to increase regularly after its obligatory use in France 1840. It is not accidental that the growth of metrical system coincided with the technological growth in Europe and America.

At the end of 1860 the need for existence of more precise and explicitly determined units became obvious, because of the requirements being created by the new scientific discoveries. This became possible with the Meter Convention in 1875. Meter Convention is an international treaty in which participated 17 countries. 35 nations had officially accepted the metric system.

This treaty determined the units as well as the mechanisms for the constitution and adoption of further determinations in the metric system. The metric models were manufactured and distributed in each nation that ratified the treaty.

The duty of the international office in France is the permanent secretariat of the Treaty of Meter as well as the exchange of information referring to the use and the improvement of metrical system. In 1921 the office extended the work of international standardization in electric models, in 1933 in the models of lighting and in the models of measurement of radiation in 1960.

The same year (1960) a generalized simplification of metric system as well as its denomination in to the International System of Units was decided. The International System of Units has been established worldwide following simultaneously the continuously created scientific needs for the determination of new and more precise metrical units. In Greece the complete establishment of Metric System took place on the 1st of April in 1959 when the unit of weight known as oka was used until then was replaced by the kilogram.