2. Match synonyms among the following words and word combinations and translate them into Ukrainian.

hold-up, merchant, ground the business, articulated lorry, trunk road, presence, lorry, trucker, set up the business, efficiency, road haulier, semi-trailer, retailer, truck, main road, productivity, availability, congestion

3. Fill in the gaps with the right expression from the text.

1. A haulier may organize a regular service between two cities. You can then say that his lorries … these two cities.

2. Some lorries are especially fitted to other specific services:

- the … is used for people moving houses.

- the … carries liquid lorries.

- the … is conveniently used by merchants or shopkeepers to carry limited quantities of goods.

3. When two roads meet, they form a …; but these are more and more often organized into circular … that help the traffic flow more easily.

4. An accident on the road usually causes a large …

5. Cars and lorries sometimes have to pay to use specific bridges: these are called … bridges.

6. When works are undertaken on a particular section of the road, a … may have to be organized to prevent delays.

7. On open-top lorries, the driver may have to place a … on top of the goods to protect them from the rain.

8. Large-scale hauliers commonly have an important … of vehicles to meet the various shippers’ needs.

4. Match the term with its definition.

payload, toll, a long haul, bimodal, a piggy-back terminal, a dual carriageway, semi-trailer/articulated bus

1. A transport on a large distant.

2. A bigger type of lorry used by the haulier in case of very large consignments.

3. A motorway-looking road, very common in Britain.

4. Money, paid by cars and lorries to use specific bridges.

5. The terminal where lorries can be loaded directly from trains, and vice-versa.

6. The max. weight that a lorry cam carry.

7. A transport operation that uses both rail and road.

5. Define which statements are true/false according to the text.

1. Nowadays there are few lorries on our roads.

2. Carriers must meet various shippers’ needs.

3. A road haulier has all vehicles rented from specialized firms.

4. A semi-trailer is resorted to a short haul.

5. An open-top trailer cannot use a tarpaulin.

6. A removal van carries liquid cargoes, i.e. oil products and chemicals.

7. Delivery van delivers orders to shopkeepers and retailers.

8. Bimodal transport uses both rail and road.

9. Lorries can drive on any roads in Britain.

10. Roundabouts are designed to prevent congestions on the roads.

11. Roadworks cannot cause any delays on the roads.

12. All roads and bridges are free and demand no pay.

6. Answer the questions to the text.

1. Why are there so many vehicles on the roads?

2. Is it necessary for a road haulier to own all needed vehicles for goods transportation?

3. Do all lorry drivers usually ply between different cities?

4. Why is articulated lorry resorted for a long haul?

5. When does an open-top trailer use a tarpaulin?

6. What does a removal van/tanker lorry/delivery van carry?

7. What transport uses both road and rail?

8. Where are the goods transhipped from train onto lorry and vice versa?

9. What roads provide limitations for lorries?

10. Why are roundabouts built?

11. What is set up to avoid inconveniences by roadworks?

12. What must a haulier remember while planning a route?