Grammar revision

I. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Future Simple– Future Continuous. Present Simple - Active or Passive).

1. She (to retouch) the photos on her computer tomorrow. 2. This photo (to retouch) on the computer. 3. - I (to be) absent tomorrow. – Don’t worry! The child (to take) care of. 4. If we (to tell) her the truth about the computer crash, she (to get) upset. 5. If she (to tell) the truth about the computer crash, she (to get) upset. 6. If we (not to tell) her the truth, she (not to know) about the computer breakdown. 7. If she (not to tell) the truth, she (not to know) about the computer crash. 8. What he (to do) at 3 p.m. tomorrow? – He (to surf) the Net.

II. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Present, Past, Future Perfect. Past Simple - Active or Passive).

1. We (not to buy) the plasma display yet. 2. The plasma display (to buy) already. 3. We (to install) the antivirus program by 3 o’clock tomorrow. 4. The test on the computer viruses (to carry) out by 3 o’clock yesterday. 5. That Trojan program (to download) a malicious code on our computer. 6. After the virus (to install), the computer (to stop) working. 7. We (to agree) on these matters long before we (to choose) the field of our joint investigations. 8. After I (to receive) that unauthorized e-mail, my computer (to break) down. 9. New types of portable computers (to develop) quite recently.

III. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms. Use Past Tenses (Active or Passive).

1. He (to say) that Jane (to print) out her report already. 2. He (to say) that the report (to print) out already. 3. I (to tell) that he still (to write) the test. 4. I (to tell) that the test still (to write). 5. I (to tell) that he (to write) the test already. 6. I (to tell) that the test (to write) already. 7. She (to ask) why she (to make) fun of? 8. She (to ask) why they (to make) fun of her? 9. She (to tell) that the computer still (to repair). 10. She (to tell) that the computer (not to repair) yet. 11. He (to tell) that the e-mail with that attachment (to receive) already. 12. He (to tell) that his old-fashioned camera much (to laugh) at. 13. I (to tell) that he (to appoint) the IT manager of that company. 14. I (to ask) why he (to send) to the conference on computer security. 15. We (to wonder) if the back-up copy (to make) already.

Text 3. Word Processing Features.

Writing letters, memos or reports are the ways most people use computers. They manipulate words and text on a screen – primarily to print at some later time and store for safe keeping. Computers alleviate much of the tedium associated with typing, proofing and manipulating words. Because computers can store and recall information so readily, documents need not be retyped from scratch just to make corrections or changes. The real strength of word processing lies in this ability to store, retrieve and change information. Typing is still necessary (at least, for now) to put the information into the computer initially, but once in, the need to retype only applies to new information. Words processing is more than just typing, however. Features such Search and Replace allow users to find a particular phrase or word no matter where it is in the body of a text. This becomes more useful as the amount of text grows.

Word processors usually include different ways to view the text. Some include a view that displays the text with editor’s marks that show hidden characters or commands (spaces, returns, paragraph endings, applied styles, etc.) Many word processors include the ability to show exactly how the text will appear on paper when printed. This is called WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get, pronounced ‘wizzy-wig’). WYSIWYG shows bold, italic, underline and other type style characteristics on the screen so that the user can clearly see what he or she is typing. Another feature is the correct display of different typefaces and format characteristics (margins, indents, super- and sub-scripted characters, etc.). This allows the user to plan the document more accurately and reduces the frustration of printing something that doesn’t look right. Many word processors now have so many features that they approach the capabilities of layout applications for desktop publishing. They can import graphics, format multiple columns of text, run text around graphics etc.

Two important features offered by word processors are automatic hyphenation and mail merging. Automatic hyphenation is the splitting of a word between two lines so that the text will fit better on the page. The word processor constantly monitors words typed and when it reaches the end of a line, if a word is too long to fit, it checks that word in a hyphenation dictionary. This dictionary contains a list of words with the preferred places to split it. If one of these cases fits part of the word at the end of the line, the word processor splits the word, adds a hyphen at the end and places the rest on the next line. This happens extremely fast and gives text a more polished and professional look. Mail merge applications are largely responsible for the explosion of ‘personalized’ mail. Form letters with designated spaces for names and addresses are stored as documents with links to lists of names and addresses of potential buyers or clients. By designating what information goes into which blank space, a computer can process a huge amount of correspondence substituting the ‘personal’ information into a form letter. The final document appears to be typed specifically to the person addressed.

Many word processors can also generate tables of numbers or figures, sophisticated indexes and comprehensive tables of contents.

Word processors usually support these features:

• Cut and paste: allows you to remove (cut) a section of text and insert (paste) it somewhere else.

• Find and replace: allows you to direct the word processor to search for a particular word or phrase. You can also direct the word processor to replace one group of characters with another everywhere that the first group appears.

• Word wrap: the word processor automatically moves to the next line when you have filled one line with text, and it will readjust text if you change the margins.

• Print: allows you to send a document to a printer to get hard copy.

• Font specifications: allows you to change fonts within a document. For example, you can specify bold, italics and underlining. Most word processors also let you change the font size and the typeface.

• Graphics: allows you to include illustrations and graphs in a document. Some programs let you create the illustrations within the word processor; others let you insert a picture from a different program.

• Headers, footers and page numbering: allows you to specify customized headers and footers that the word processor will put at the top and bottom of every page. The word processor automatically keeps track of page numbers so that the correct number appears on each page.

• Layout: allows you to specify different margins within a single document and to specify various methods for indenting paragraphs – how much space you leave between the margins and the paragraphs.

• Merge: allows you to merge text from one file into another file. This is particularly useful for generating many files that have the same format but different data. Generating mailing labels is the classic example of using merges.

• Spell checker: a utility that allows you to check the spelling of words. It will highlight any words that it does not recognize.

• Thesaurus: allows you to search allows you to search for synonyms without leaving the word processor.

Study the following words and expressions:

to alleviate [ə'li:vieit] – снижать, облегчать tedium ['ti:diəm] – скука proofing – корректировка to recall – извлекать, восстанавливать в памяти from scratch – заново body – зд. часть to apply – применять, использовать typeface – тип шрифта frustration - расстройство margins - поля (печатной страницы) indent – абзац, отступ desktop publishing – настольная редакционно-издательская система layout – схема; компоновочный hyphenation [ֽhaifə'nei∫ən] – перенос слова hyphen ['haifən] – знак переноса, дефис, черточка preferred – предпочтительный, целесообразный blank space – пустое (свободное) место to designate - определять, назначать designated – предусмотренный form letter – стандартное письмо

(to) merge – соединять(ся), накладывать, объединять, переходить, переносить составление стандартных писем; рассылка; сортировка mail merge – автоматическое составление стандартных писем; рассылка писем,сортировка писем mail merging – автоматическое составление стандартных писем, подготовка стандартных писем comprehensive – исчерпывающий, полный, тщательный, детальный word wrap – автоматический переход на новую строку to readjust – исправить, переделать hard copy – печатная копия (документа) header – заголовок footer – сноска indent – абзацный отступ, смещение вправо/влево indenting – выравнивание to merge – переносить, соединять to generate – образовывать, создавать mailing labels – адресный ярлык thesaurus [Өi'so:rəs] – словарь justification – выравнивание строк