- •«Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет имени м.В.Ломоносова»
- •Computer science (Part II)
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание
- •Text 1. Operating Systems
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Here is a list of typical tasks performed by an operating system. In each case the main verb has been omitted. Fill in the blanks from the words given. Sometimes more than one may apply.
- •II. Find in the text above:
- •III. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:
- •V. Render the following sentences from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Translate from English into Russian.
- •II. Translate from English into Russian:
- •III. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the tense aspect.
- •IV. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Present Simple–Present Continuous - Active or Passive).
- •V. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Past Simple - Past Continuous - Active or Passive).
- •Text 2. The Graphical User Interface.
- •Text-based assignments
- •II. Choose the best word to complete the sentences:
- •III. Render the following sentences from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Future Simple– Future Continuous. Present Simple - Active or Passive).
- •II. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Present, Past, Future Perfect. Past Simple - Active or Passive).
- •III. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms. Use Past Tenses (Active or Passive).
- •Text 3. Word Processing Features.
- •Text-based assignments
- •II. Match words and expressions on the left with their explanations on the right:
- •III. Decide if the sentences are true or false.
- •V. Render the following sentences from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verbs (Active or Passive).
- •Text 4. Databases
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Decide if the sentences are true or false.
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Render the following text from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct forms of the verbs (Conditional Sentences). Translate the sentences.
- •II. Open the brackets using the correct forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences.
- •Text 5. Types of Graphics Software
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Decide which type of graphics software is best for these users.
- •III. Render the following text from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Open the brackets using the correct form of the infinitive.
- •II. Translate the following sentences with the infinitive as:
- •Text 6. Multimedia
- •2. Recognizing file formats.
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Look through the text above and find the following:
- •III. Render the following text from Russian into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •Text 7. Web Design
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Look through the text above and find the following:
- •III. Answer the following questions. Then ask your partner the same questions.
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Russian. State the functions of the infinitives.
- •Text 8. Virtual Reality
- •Text-based assignments
- •II. Fill in the gaps using the list of words in the box. Translate.
- •III. Read the following article and give its summary in Russian and then in English (see Appendix).
- •Vr Applications
- •IV. Fill in the chart with the some more appropriate info: Who uses Virtual Reality?
- •V. Render the following into English:
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Translate the following sentences with the for-to-the Infinitive Construction.
- •II. Translate the following sentences with the Objective Infinitive Construction.
- •Text 9. Programs and programming languages
- •Text-based assignments
- •III. Summarize the information on different high-level computer languages by completing the table below.
- •IV. Read the program below and the text, then complete the sentences which follow.
- •Variables and the Declaration Statement
- •Grammar revision
- •I. Translate the following sentences with the Subjective Infinitive Construction.
- •Text 10. Jobs in computing
- •Text-based assignments
- •I. Which computer specialist will do the following:
- •II. Complete the table using the information from the text and your own ideas. The following words and expressions could help you:
- •III. Study these job requirements. Try to match the requirements to the list of jobs.
- •IV. Study the cv of Paul. Then write your own cv in the same way. For the purpose of this task, you can invent experience and assume you have passed all your examinations! curriculum vitae
- •Grammar revision
- •Topics for Essays, Oral or Written Reports.
- •Texts for additional reading text 1. The conversion of symbolic languages
- •Text 2. Running the computer program.
- •Text 3. Testing the computer program.
- •Text 4. Is It Possible to Create Perfect Virtual Reality?
- •Text 5. Multimedia. Understanding mp3.
- •Play mp3 Files.
- •Appendix summary
- •Литература
V. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms (Past Simple - Past Continuous - Active or Passive).
1. Scientists (to design) this portable computer many years ago. 2. What you (to do) at 3 yesterday? – I (to chat) with my friends via the Internet. 3. Barcode scanners (to design) to read barcodes on the products sold in shops some years ago. 4. Why that photograph (to laugh) at? 5. The hackers (to steal) a lot of money from his credit card a week ago. 6. When the computer mouse (to invent)? 7. Who the computer mouse (to invent) by? 8. Who (to invent) the computer mouse? 9. When we (to come) home, John (to surf) the net. 10. Our files (to restore) a week ago. 11. Who (to develop) the concept of microelectronics? 12. Who the concept of microelectronics (to develop) by? 13. The ordinary computer mouse (to follow) by an optical one. 14. MS-DOS (to develop) by Microsoft in 1981 for all IBM PC compatibles
Text 2. The Graphical User Interface.
The term user interface refers to the standard procedures that the user follows in order to interact with a computer. In the late 1970s and early 80s, the way users accessed computer systems was very complex. They had to memorize and type a lot of commands just to see the contents of a disk, to copy files or to respond to a single prompt. In fact, it was only experts who used computers, so there was no need for a user-friendly interface.
In 1984 Apple produced the Macintosh, the first computer with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). Macs were designed with one clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer. A few years later, Microsoft launched Windows, another operating system based on graphics and intuitive tools. Nowadays, computers are used by all kinds of people, and as a result there is a growing emphasis on accessibility and user-friendly systems.
A good user interface is important because when you buy a program you want to use it easily. Moreover, a graphical user interface saves a lot of time: you don’t need to memorize commands in order to execute an application; you only have to point and click so that its content appears on the screen.
A GUI makes use of a WIMP environment: windows, icons, menus and pointer. The background of the screen is called the desktop which contains labeled pictures called icons. These icons represent files or folders. Double-clicking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents, or more nested folders. When you are in a folder, you can launch a program or document by double-clicking the icon, or you can drag it to another location. When you run a program, your PC opens a window that lets you work with different tools. All the programs have a high level of consistency, with similar toolbars, menu bars, buttons and dialog boxes. A modern OS also provides access to networks and allows multitasking , which means you can run several programs – and do various tasks – at the same time.
Today the most innovative operating systems are the Macintosh, Microsoft Windows (the most recent version is Windows Vista), Unix, Linux, Windows Mobile (used on most PDAs and smartphones), Palm OS (used on Palm handheld devices), RIM (used on Blackberry communication devices. Developed by Research in Motion), the Symbian OS (used by some phone makers including Nokia and Siemens). These computer platforms differ in areas such as device installation, network connectivity or compatibility with application software.
Study the following words and expressions:
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