Рекомендуемая литература:
Антрушина Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка=English lexicology: уч. пособие для студ. высших учебных заведений по педагогическим специальностям/Г.Б. Антрушина, О.В. Афанасьева. – М.: Дрофа, 2006. – 287с.
Арнольд И.В. Лексикология современного английского языка= The English word/И.В. Арнольд. – М.: высшая школа, 1986. – 295с.
Гвишиани Н.Б. Современный английский язык. Лексикология: учеб. пособие для студ. филол. фак. высш. учеб. Заведений/Н.Б. Гвишиани. – М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2007. – 224 с.
Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка/А.В. Кунин. – 2-е изд. - М.: Высшая школа, 1996. - 381 c.
СЕМИНАР ПО ТЕМЕ: Временная дифференциация словарного состава английского языка.
Устаревшие слова, архаизмы, историзмы. Неологизмы, авторские неологизмы. Наиболее продуктивные способы образования неологизмов.
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Задание 1.
Определите значение неологизмов по контексту:
Half of ‘bag ladies’ and 37 per cent of homeless men are mentally ill.
Now there’s news that researchers at Leeds University are working on a smellometer, which would be capable of identifying an individual scent.
Задание 2.
Найдите архаизмы, объясните их использование и значение: do, dost, does, you, thee, ye, thou, peasant, swain, though, albeit, haply, perhaps, vernal, spring, said, quoth, told, ere, before, dire, dreadful, yore, in ancient times.
Задание 3.
Найдите эквиваленты в современном английском языке следующих слов. Переведите их на русский язык: maiden, thine, wench, troth, hackney, quean, palfrey, nay, kine, blazon, height.
Задание 4.
Переведите следующие неологизмы на русский язык: narcodollars, style-counsellor, spin-meister, television baby-sitter, to shoot oneself clear, superminicomputer, analog sampling, supergravity, council tax, leisure suit, unipolar, wealth creation, young fogey, cleansing fast.
Lexicological analysis of the text from the point of view of the development of the vocabulary:
1. Find the examples of obsolete words: archaisms, historisms.
2. Pick up the neologisms. Outline the semantic sphere in which it is used.
3. Comment on the meaning of any occasionalism, found in the text.
Text I.
That Monday in October 1943. A beautiful day with the buoyancy of a bird. To start, we had Manhattans at Joe Bell's; and, when he heard of my good luck, champagne cocktails on the house. Later, we wandered toward Fifth Avenue, where there was a parade. The flags in the wind, the thump of military bands and military feet, seemed to have nothing to do with war, but to be, rather, a fanfare arranged in my personal honour…
…I have a memory of spending many hither and yonning days with Holly; and it's true, we did at odd moments see a great deal of each other; but on the whole, the memory is false. Because toward the end of the month I found a job: what is there to add? The less the better, except to say it wais necessary and lasted from nine to five. Which made our hours, Holly's and mine, extremely different. Unless it was Thursday, her Sing Sing day, or unless she'd gone horseback riding in the park, as she did occasionally, Holly was hardly up when I came home.
Sometimes, stopping there, I shared her wake-up coffee while she dressed for the evening. She was forever on her way out, not always with Rusty Trawler, but usually, and usually, too, they were joined by Mag Wild wood and the handsome Brazilian, whose name was Jose Ybarra-Jaegar: his mother was German.
(Capote T. The Grass Harp. Breakfast at Tiffany’s. –M., 1974.)
Text II.
My father was a biochemist at Cambridge. On Sunday evenings when I was a little boy, he would take me to his laboratory to watch him "sow the bugs", that is, smear bacteria on to a nutrient gel so that they would grow overnight into colonies large enough to experiment with on Monday mornings. My father was, and continues to be, a gentle man. He never hit me, despite snapping just that once back in the 5Os. By the time I reached my teens, however, I had decided that his world of precise measurement and endlessly repeated experiments was the pits. It would be another 20 years before I realised he had dedicated his career to a quest for the Secret Of life. As a teenager, however, I convinced myself that I must cut my ties with this suffocating life and head off in the direction suggested by Elvis and later confirmed by Jack Kerouac… White Negroes, Mailer had said, were a new phenomenon, American existentialists who had divorced themselves from society "to set out on that uncharted journey into the rebellious imperatives of the self". The white bohemians had found jazz in certain quarters of certain cities and there they had come face to face with "the Negro". In this bebop moment, "the hipster became a fact in American life". Far out. Crucial to the maturation of the emerging beatnik was the regular inhalation of pot. I should say that, in those days, the word "pot" was very cool, like "digital". That it now sounds like something your uncle would say is because we are uncles now. In addition to unlocking the synaesthesia of the inner cinema, the cannabinoids bestowed the gift of Transparency.
(Gale D. Far Out. // The Guardian Weekend. 08.09.01. London.)