12. Analyze the meaning of the given phraseological units. Group them into: 1) native; 2) borrowed phraseological units. State the sources of their origin. If in doubt consult dictionaries.

Model: the be-all and end-all of— 'the main purpose of, all that matters in the life'

• The phraseological unit the be-all and end-all of is of native English origin, as it is from W.Shakespeare's Macbeth.

1) to hang up one's boot — 'retire';

2) to bury the hatchet — 'to come to friendly or peaceful terms with somebody else, usually in arguments, disagreements';

3) a sacred cow — 'somebody/something that is greatly respected and revered, esp. by a particular nation or group, so that attack or criticism is not tolerated';

4) a whipping boy — 'a person who is blamed or punished for the faults or incompetence of others';

5) an ugly duckling — 'a plain, unprepossessing child born less attractive than his brothers and sisters who later surpasses them, grows into a beautiful person';

6) of the same leaven/batch — 'about persons who have very much in common, who are very similar in their way of life, behaviour, views, etc.';

7) the law of the jungle — 'self-preservation, the survival of the strongest, or more unscrupulous'; 8) an apple of discord — '(somebody or something that is) a cause of dispute, argument or rivalry';

9) to hide one's head in the sand — 'willfully to close one's eyes to danger, to refuse to face reality';

10) a blue stocking — 'an intellectual or literary woman';

11) the hot seat — 'the position of a person who carries full responsibility for something, including facing criticism or being answerable for decisions or actions';

12) a drop in the bucket/ocean — 'something of inconsiderable value, importance, esp. as compared with something larger in total or in kind';

13) pig in the middle — 'a person, or a group in a helpless position between, or made use of by, others';

14) blue blood — 'a person of noble birth';

15) a blue coat — 'a student at a charity school';

16) to die with one's boots on — 'to die while still at work';

17) to fiddle while Rome burns — 'behave frivolously in a situation that calls for concern or corrective action';

18) penny wise and pound foolish — 'careful and economical in small matters while being wasteful or extravagant in large ones';

19. the iron curtain — 'the notional barrier between people, nations, countries, etc. leading to the political, economical, etc. isolation';

20. the Russian soul — 'a vague, unfulfilled yearning for a better, spiritual life which would bring consolation and relief to the suffering masses';

21. 21) to run the gauntlet — 'to submit to a punishing ordeal'.

13. Choose the correct phraseological unit from the box to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

dark horse, to work like a dog, sour grapes, to lord it over, Achilles heel, to put one's cards on the table, red tape, to see somebody in the flesh, fat cats, around the clock

1. Workers are losing their jobs while the ... who run the company are getting richer. 2. Stuart's getting married? He's a ... — I never even knew he had a girlfriend. 3. He was a gifted businessman, but greed was his ... . 4. If I criticize her book, people will think it's just... . 5. There's so much ... involved in getting a visa. 6. Doctors and nurses worked ... to help the people injured in the train crash. 7. She thought it was time ... and tell him that she had no intention of marrying him. 8. He likes ... the more junior staff in the office. 9. I knew his face so well from the photographs that it felt a bit strange when I finally .... 10. He ... all day to finish the wallpapering.