Heritage coasts

Nearly one-third of the coastline of England and Wales has been defined as Heritage Coast – 850 miles of some of the finest coastal scenery to be found anywhere in Europe.

In 1965 the National Trust launched a fund-raising campaign to protect the best natural coastal scenery in England and Wales (Scotland has its own coastal conservation scheme) and to encourage people to enjoy it without changing its character.

Most of the 40 or so Heritage Coasts originally planned have now been defined, and the first stage of the project is virtually complete. The future of some sections of Heritage Coast is reasonably well assured because they coincide with National Parks, nature reserves, National Trust land, etc. But in other areas everything depends on the continuing goodwill and support of landowners and local authorities, and on the co-operation of the public when visiting the coast. Many conflicting interests are involved, and resolving them all is no easy task.

Looking after the environment

The National Trust was set up in 1895. It is a voluntary society with a million and a half members and it now owns more than 200,000 hectares, particularly in the Lake District and North Wales. It has 190 houses open to the public, 51 villages, 38 pubs and nearly 12,000 farms. Durdle Door, on the Dorset Coastal Path, is part of its Enterprise Neptune scheme, which protects 800 km of coast.

The North Sea is in danger of becoming poisoned to death. More than 70 million tonnes of industrial waste are dumped into it each year. If river pollution is included, at least 50,000 different chemicals get into the North Sea, including heavy metals like mercury, lead and arsenic, highly poisonous chlorinated compounds and fertilisers which can kill fish and make shellfish unsafe to eat.

Until the 1960s, mining waste in the coalfields was left on the surface in ugly heaps. These are now landscaped and grassed over to provide a safer and cleaner environment.

● Find the names of 3 countries and 2 national organizations in the passages.

● What is the Lake District: a natural protected area or an administrative region?

● Find 3 collocations with the word coastal in both passages.

● How do you translate character and originally in the first passage?

● Match the two parts of the words.

1. coast a) will

2. fund b) operation

3. good c) fish

4. land d) line

5. co- e) raising

6. shell f) field

7. coal g) owner

● Explain the phrases in bold:

“…launched a fund-raising campaign…”(1)

“…a voluntary society…” (2)

“…ugly heaps” (2)

● What parts of speech are the following underlined words:

complete (1) owns (2) grassed (2)?

continuing (1) landscaped (2)

● What is unsafe to eat?

● What pollutants are mentioned in the second passage? (Give 5 items)

● Find one piece of information which is given in both passages but does not coincide.

● What is the main goal of the National Trust?

10.11. Match the two parts of the sentences.

1. Tourism activities should be conducted in harmony with 2. Tourists often go to places of great scenic beauty, 3. Without care and planning tourists 4. Eco-tourism focuses on 5. Many environments in the world are fragile 6. Tourists increase the rate of soil erosion in 7. Any large increase in numbers of tourists 8. Dirty beaches and bathing water

a) can damage the environment. b) the flora, fauna and cultural heritage. c) reduces the peacefulness of the area. d) mountainous parts of Britain in summer. e) are some of the concerns about the environment. f) and can easily be damaged by human activities. g) the traditions of the host regions and countries. h) such as snow covered mountains, sandy beaches with warm seas and lakes areas.

10.12. Fill in the table with the words below:

Protectors of the environment	Threats of the environment
wildlife	erosion

wildlife / landscape / erosion / tourist / fertiliser / National Park / National Trust / chemicals / industrial waste / local authorities / holiday maker / disrupting / noise / ecotourism / disturbance / cars / mammals / ruin

10.13. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

worse / environmental / animals / disappeared / species / habitats / destroyed

Wildlife is all the plants, ………. and living things that can be found in the wild. The places where wildlife live are called ………. . There are many different kinds of habitat. There are many different ………. of plants and animals in the UK. Many species have ………. over the past 100 years. 15% of wildlife in the UK is endangered and if people don’t help, the problem is going to get ………. . Wildlife is endangered because habitats are being ………. or changed. We must do something now. We can join groups that help the environment or we can start ………. projects on our own.

10.14. Choose the two words which complete each sentence. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. When it was discovered that the river water had been seriously …….., the local council banned fishing there.

a) contaminated b) spoilt c) polluted d) infected

2. Local residents protested strongly about government plans to place a new …….. on the outskirts of the town.

a) oil slick b) landfill c) rubbish dump d) greenhouse

3. Poisonous ……. from cars and industry fill the air above most modern cities.

a) gases b) resources c) odours d) fumes

4. We need to find some …….. between progress and conservation.

a) balance b) equilibrium c) steadiness d) stability

5. The earthquake was so strong that it caused terrible ……… .

a) dereliction b) devastation c) demolition d) destruction

6. Luckily most of the inhabitants were …….. before the volcano erupted.

a) shifted b) evacuated c) relocated d) reestablished

7. Many people are starting to buy …….. foods rather than those with chemical additives.

a) refined b) organic c) fertilized d) natural

8. Plans to build a new power …….. have been cancelled.

a) station b) plant c) factory d) works

10.15. Work in groups (with a partner) and discuss the following statements.

1. Tourists have no respect for the environment.

2. Holiday makers are rowdy and unpleasant.

3. Developers always build hotels in environmentally sensitive places.

4. Tourism brings wealth to a poor area.

5. Hotels, casinos, discos and marinas spoil the natural beauty of the coastline.

6. Developers pay no attention to local architecture and build ghastly concrete monstrosities.

7. Litter and rubbish are the main problems of all resorts today.

8. People don’t care about the environment nowadays.

10.16. TRAVELLING CHAINWORD

1					2						3				4			5
							9	8					7					6
10
				11					12			13							14
			18		17					16						15
				19						20	21
		25										24		23					22
		26							27				28	29	30			31
		37				36			35			34				33		32
				38			39			40						41
																			42

1. A long journey by sea.

2. This language is understood in nearly every corner of the world.

3. A place where tourists usually stay when travelling.

4. How ………. did it take you to get to Moscow?

5. This book gives you information about a country you are going to visit.

6. The English for “экзотический”.

7. You need it if you want to take pictures.

8. Let’s meet ………. the railway station.

9. A person who travels.

10. When in Rome, do as the ………. do.

11. Tourists spend most of their time seeing the ………. .

12. A large boat that is used for travelling by sea.

13. You need this document if you travel abroad.

14. What you need to get onto a train or a plane.

15. The English for “туризм”.

16. Madam Tussaud’s is a ………. in London.

17. It helps you not to get lost.

18. You must be careful of this person in some cities: a p-ck- - - - - t.

19. This language is spoken in Turkey.

20. American word for “hello”.

21. The opposite of “boring”.

22. You’ll see the Parthenon if you go to this country.

23. An old French coin.

24. The English for “метро”.

25. If you go to the USA, you’ll have to change roubles for ………. .

26. You carry clothes and other things in it when travelling.

27. If you go to this country, you’ll be able to see the pyramids.

28. They’ll go ………. London for their holidays this year.

29. What’s ………. at the Bolshoi Theatre tonight?

30. Is there a café ………. here?

31. British drivers drive on the left side of the road. Russian drivers drive on the ………. side of the road.

32. The English for “чаевые”.

33. Concorde is the fastest ………. in the world.

34. Have you ………. been to Australia?

35. The English for “дорога”.

36. This language is spoken in Holland.

37. To travel by getting rides in other people’s cars, usually by standing at the side of the road and signalling to drivers: h- - ch - - - e.

38. ………. or West, home is best.

39. The English for “такси”.

40. This language is spoken in Italy.

41. You’ve n - - - r been to New Zealand, have you?

42. The Mississippi is a ………. .

PART II

UNIT 11 ACADEMIC WRITING