THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TRANSLATION

BASIC NOTIONS OF TRANSLATION

&

GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS

In the process of translation

LECTURE 1

1. Translation as a notion and subject.

2. The general theory of translation. Special theories of translation.

3. Basic approaches to translation.

4. Faithful and equivalent translation.

5. Pragmatics of translation.

6. Types of grammatical transformations.

REFERENCES

1. Korunets’ I.V. Theory and Practice of Translation. – Vinnytsia: New Book, 2003. – P.10-13.

2. Miram G.E., Daineko V.V., Taranukha L.A., Gryshchenko M.V., Gon O.M. Basic Translation. – Київ: Ельга Ніка-Центр, 2003. – P. 30-49; 90.

3. Komissarov V.N., Koralova A.L. A Manual Of Translation from English into Russian – М.: Высшая школа, 1990. – C. 4-10.

4. Максимов С.Є. Усний двосторонній переклад (англійська та українська мови). Курс лекцій та матеріали до семінарських занять. – К.: Вид.центр КНЛУ, 2002. – С. 6-8.

5. Комиссаров В.Н. Теория перевода (лингвистические аспекты). – М.: Высшая школа, 1990. – С. 6-51.

1. Translation as a notion and subject.

Shveitser following Nida and Taber (1969), suggests another scheme of translation which includes both linguistic and extralinguistic factors.

C1

L1

S1 TEXT1 R1 TEXT2 R3

communicative L2

situation 1 R2 S2

C2

communicative

situation 2

where C1 – is culture 1 (source culture);

L1 – language 1 (source language);

S1 – sender 1 (source language speaker);

R1 – receiver 1 (source language addressee);

R2 – receiver 2 (translator/ interpreter in the mode of receiving in-coming messages);

S2 – sender 2 (translator/ interpreter in the mode of performing translation);

R3 – receiver 3 (target language receiver);

L2 – language 2 (target language);

C2 – is culture 2 (target culture).

According to this scheme translation may be defined as a two-stage process of interlingual and intercultural communication, during which a translator, on the basis of an analysed and transformed text in L1, creates another text in L2 which replaces the source text in the target language and culture.

2. The general theory of translation: object and objectives.

A theoretical description of the translation phenomenon is the task of the theory of translation. Theoretical research is to discover what translation is, to find out what objective factors underlie the translator’s intuition, to describe the ways and methods by which the identity of the communicative value of ST and TT is achieved.

The theory of translation provides the translator with the appropriate tools of analysis and synthesis, makes him aware of what he is to look for in the original text, what type of information he/ she must convey in TT and how he / she should act to achieve his/ her goal.

Special translation theories.

- The particular (specific) theories of translation study the linguistic aspects of translation from one given language to another given language.

- Special translation theories identify major types of translation activities and describe the predominant features of each type: the theory of artistic translation, of machine translation, versification, linguistic theory of translation.