II Find English equivalents in the text
трёхмерное пространственное положение; использование данных съёмки; местоположение точек на земной поверхности; разность высот; землевладение; густо растущие деревья; редактирование данных; поверхность Земли; гравитационное поле; в глобальном масштабе; путём наблюдений
III Complete the sentences
Geodesy is a science that deals with ….
Nowadays land surveys are done in conjunction with …
… is a technique of determining the position of points and distances and angles between them.
A level is used for determining …
… is a theodolite with EDM.
GPS stands for …
With the use of … geodesists can locate the exact position of any object on the surface of the Earth.
… are involved whenever there are roads, railways and dams.
IV Answer the questions
What is geodesy?
What was all work in geodesy based on in the past?
What is surveying?
What sciences should surveyors be good at to accomplish their objective?
In what fields is surveying most frequently used nowadays?
What are the traditional surveying instruments?
How are short distances measured?
What instrument measures height or elevation difference?
How do surveyors measure angles?
What modern instrument is used instead of the theodolite?
What is GPS?
What kind of information does GIS contain?
What do geodesists do?
V Translate into English
Геодезия – это наука, которая изучает размер и форму Земли.
Съёмка – это методы точного определения пространственного положения точек на земле, а также расстояний и углов между ними.
Наиболее распространёнными сферами применения съёмки являются транспорт, строительство, связь, картография и определение границ.
Классические геодезические инструменты – это мерная лента, уровень и теодолит.
Более современным геодезическим инструментом является электронный тахеометр.
Система глобального позиционирования помогает определять местоположение точки и её относительное положение на Земле.
ГИС – информационная система, которая хранит, анализирует и представляет данные о местоположении.
Геодезисты изучают форму Земли и её гравитационное поле.
VI Translate into Russian
Knowledge required by the position of a geodesist. Expert knowledge of the theories, principles, and practices in theoretical geodesy and the ability to apply this knowledge to the solution of major problems which are constantly arising as new satellite technology progresses and geodetic practices enter new and more complex areas. The geodesist must have a working knowledge of computer technology as it applies to geodesy; to effectively apply mathematical techniques regarding large blocks of data. This involves the control languages of many computers, the data filing systems of direct-access devices, as well as the master data base storage media, and the programming languages applicable to mathematical geodesy. He must be able to communicate on a professional level with other members of the surveying and geodetic community to effectively represent the organization at local, national, and international meetings to explain geodesy and to take an active part in scientific and mapping organizations.