Exercises

I. Mind the translation of the word “mean”:

mean – значить by means of- посредством

means – средство, способ meaning- значение

1.Everybody should know the meaning of the words “marshalling yard”.

2.The most efficient means of handling goods is container usage.

3.The train dispatcher constantly watches the conditions of train operation by means of the indicating panel.

4.C.T.C. means facilitating the traffic control.

5.Containers serve as the best means of goods transportation.

II. Mind the translation of the words “after” and “before”:

after – после; после того как before- до; до того как

1.Before the train enters the marshalling yard a special signal must be given.

2.After extensive testing a number of small containers will be put into operation.

3.Before the beginning of the machine age there were no railways.

4.Each “cut” of wagons runs free after passing over the hump.

5.After the first section of railway was completed the construction of the new one started.

III. Translate the following attributive groups:

train movement, train movement control, train departure, train departure time, control train arrival, diesel traction, diesel traction yard, train length, average train length, yard capacity, 6,000 wagons capacity yard, shunting speed, 7-km/h hump shunting speed, hump yard, yard hump.

IV. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the word “too”:

too – также; слишком

1.Trains lost too much time because of delays and stops.

2.The container operator has to foresee commercial problems and understand the complexity of the control problem too.

3.The damage of the cars in the old marshalling yard was too frequent.

4.Containers may be of all sizes, open and covered too.

V. Mind the translation of the word “since”:

since – с; так как

1.Since the invention of the semi-trailer the most revolutionary development in freight transportation is containerization.

2.It was decided to operate yard points electrically since the electric points operate very fast.

3.The safety of railway operation has greatly increased since the introduction of C.T.C.

VI. Mind the translation of the words:

because- потому, что because of- из-за

1.Yard points are operated electrically because electric points machines operate very fast.

2.It was decided to modernize the old marshalling yard because of its location.

3.Because of the delays and stops the trains lost a lot of time.

4.A very low “hump” is sufficient because all the classified cars are loaded.

5.The rail joints are difficult to maintain because of siding occupancy.

VII. Mind the translation of the infinitives:

1.The buttons to show the train route are located on the dispatcher’s control panel.

2.Goods vehicles to be sorted must wait for their turn on the reception sidings.

3.The aim of control is to keep traffic moving freely.

4.As all of the cars to be classified are loaded a very low “hump” is sufficient.

5.It is necessary to perform all hump operations automatically.

6.All information needed to control the speed of cuts is put into computer.

7.To handle trains and separate cars is one of the most difficult jobs.

8.To watch on the loading of trains is the duty of the operator.

9.To make station work more efficient a new electronic equipment was put into operation.

10.Reception sidings are used to place trains arriving at a marshalling yard.

VIII. Translate into Russian the following sentences:

1.The wagons are marshalled in the train in sections for facilitating the work of shunting in the next yard.

2.C.T.C. provides added track capacity.

3.The dispatcher controls his territory, the track diagram showing him the position of all points and signals.

4.There are various types of containers to be designed for particular categories of traffic.

5.The speed of shunting over the hump appears to be different in different yards.

6.On some railroads there are two classes of passenger trains, the first-class trains being the fast expresses.

7.Block signals being installed, the trains can run closer together.

8.Some trains are supposed to run only between terminals.

9.Having been installed in the new yard the traffic control office helps the operator to get information on the exact position of trains.

10.To make the work of train operation more reliable is the most important task for C.T.C.

IX. Make a summary of the text: