Петербургский Государственный Университет

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Министерства путей сообщения Российской Федерации

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Кафедра “Иностранные языки”

Railway operation

Пособие на английском языке

для студентов I курса

Санкт-Петербург

2003

ContenTs

1.Railways Conquer the World………………..………………..3

2.The Organization of a Railway………………………….….…5

3.The Operation of Trains…………………………………….…9

4.Freight Train and Freight Yards………………………….…..12

5.Marshalling Yard Operation……………………………….…15

6.Centralized Traffic Control…………………………………...19

7.Container and Containerization………………………….……22

8.Types of Containers…………………………………………..25

Vocabulary…………………………..…………………..…....29

Составители: Владимирова Валентина Николаевна

Мазулова Людмила Игоревна

Под редакцией канд. филол. наук Фадеевой Ирины Дмитриевны

План 2003 г., №139

Отпечатано в авторской редакции.

Подписано в печать с оригинал=макета 24. 09. 03. Формат 60 х 84 I/16. Бумага для множ. апп. Печать офсетная. Усл. печ. л. 2,1. Уч.-изд. л. 2,1.

Тираж 200. Заказ Цена 18 р.

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения.

190031, СПб, Московский пр., 9.

Типография ПГУПС. 190031, СПб, Московский пр., 9.

Unit 1 Railways Conquer the World

The railway was invented before the age of steam. Its advantages and disadvantages were long debated. Its efficiency was demonstrated in 1805, when a single horse drew a load of 55 tons for six miles along a level without distress.

The early railroad pioneers understood the question of speed as very significant. Before the beginning of the machine age there was an upper limit to the speed which could be attained on land. It was set up by horse and the world record for a horse pulling a vehicle in 1806 was 20 m.p.h. Later developments with pneumatic-tyred wheels brought this average speed up to 30 m.p.h. The inventor of the “iron horse” was Stephenson whose “Rocket” ran at a speed of 35 miles per hour. That’s why we consider the 14^th October, 1829 to be the opening of a new era, the age of mechanical transport.

Nowadays the railways surround the Earth with many bonds. The railways have opened new countries and connected them with the rest of the world. New cities were founded and waste lands were populated. All this has been achieved in spite of the fact that the railway is neither simple in construction, nor easy in maintenance. There were many obstacles: swamps and deserts, high mountains and deep valleys, but the difficulties were overcome for the benefit of man. The railways are developing and remain the vital arteries of national and international economic life.

Exercises

I. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the word “for”:

1.Regular trains have definite time for arrival and departure.

2.On every railroad division a train dispatcher is responsible for train movement. 3.Railroads are used for transportation of freight and for travelling

4.The efficiency of work is obtained if freight trains run at higher speeds for long distances.

5.The work of the yard – master is very difficult for cars come into the yard both day and night.

6.For many years this hump yard was under construction.

II. Translate the following phrases:

for every railway…,for every railway has…,for several years…,for a long time…,for our country…,for our country is…

III. Compare the translation of the words “signal” and“single”:

signal – сигнал; single – один; одинокий.

Semaphore signal, single car, single line, signal indication, single track line. This signal can be used on the single track line.

IV. Pay attention to the translation of the verb “to be”:

1. This new device is part of an automatic control system.

2.Railroads are very important for the economic development of a country.

3.The C.T.C. is saving train time.

4.This container is suitable for vegetables.

5.The duty of a dispatcher is to control the movement of traffic.

6.The railway was invented before the age of steam.

7. The installation of loudspeakers at stations has been of great value for public. 8.Computers will be able to speed up railway operation.

9.Railways are to be completely automated to increase high-speed mass transportation.

10.New marshalling yards are being organized in all parts of our country.

V. Translate the following sentences:

1.There is a great difference between flat and hump yard.

2.There are several types of containers.

3.Between the tracks there may be an island platform.

4.Thanks to the C.T.C. system there is only one operator on duty at night.

5.Are there three types of fixed signals for the movement of trains?

VI. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the predicate:

1.One or more sidings for defective wagons has to be provided in the yard.

2.A railroad has trains which are operated each day.

3.For the safety of running trains all railroads were divided into divisions.

4.Almost all hump operations will be performed automatically.

5.A new railway has been constructed recently.

6.After the trains have been inspected in the receiving yard, they are ready to be classified.

7.Tests are being conducted with shunting engines.

VII. Make a summary of the text, using the following phrases:

1.The title of the text is…

2.The text is devoted to…

3.It should be mentioned that…

4.The article is of interest because…

VIII. Read the Following Text without a Dictionary and Suggest the Headline to it:

The Russian Railways take the leading place in the world transport system . Nowadays, they cover 80% of goods transportation and 40% of passenger conveyance in the country’s railway transport system. Train movements can be controlled and supervised at the traffic control centre. Dispatchers follow train movements on computer screens which show all signals, points, stations and platforms. The computerized traffic management system controls all types of trains–high-speed trains as well as freight and express trains.

The social and economic stabilization had a positive influence on the revival of industrial production and on goods turnover increase. So the goods turnover increased by 17% in 1999, the passenger turnover grew by 18% in 2000. The railway transport functioning dictates the need of reforming the railway transport system. The main strategic objectives are: 1.the stability rise of the railway transport functioning; 2. safety and meeting the growing demand for railway transport services, etc.

To achieve these objectives one has to change the management basis, to increase the railway profitability and to raise the transport service quality.