Примечание:

В условном придаточном предложении в английском языке для выражения будущего действия используется соответствующая форма настоящего времени.

В придаточных условия и времени с союзами if (если), when (когда), after (после), before (перед тем, как), as soon as (как только), unless (если не), until (до тех пор..., пока не) будущее время заменяется формой настоящего времени, но на русский язык переводится будущим.

Например:

If you help me, I shall do this work on time. — Если ты

поможешь мне, я сделаю эту работу вовремя.

As soon as I get free, I shall give you a call. — Как только

я освобожусь, я вам позвоню.

We shall not sit down to dinner until you come. — Мы

не сядем обедать, пока ты не придешь.

Однако следует помнить о случаях, когда в сложноподчиненных предло­жениях с союзами (союзными словами) if и when при­даточное предложение включает в себя глагол в фор­ме будущего времени:

I want to know when you will come to my place. — Я хочу узнать, когда ты придешь ко мне.

В приведенном предложении союзным словом when вводится придаточное дополнительное, а не придаточное времени. В этом случае использова­ние настоящего времени в придаточном будет ошиб­кой. В этом предложении придаточное отвечает на вопрос «что?», а не «когда» («Что я хочу узнать?»).

Во втором предложении Alex wondered if all those people will visit him on Monday. ( Алекс захотел узнать, не посетят ли все эти люди его в понедельник) союзным словом if также вводится придаточное дополнительное, также отвеча­ющее на вопрос «что?», а не «при каком условии?». Как правило, такого рода конструкции употребляются при переводе в косвенную речь общего вопроса.

John asks, "Will you come to my place?" — Джон спросил: «Вы придете ко мне? »

John asks if I will come to his place. — Джон спросил, приду ли я к нему.

Необходимо внимательно и аккуратно использовать эти союзные слова, уметь отличать прида­точные времени и условия от придаточных дополни­тельных. Лучший способ избежать ошибки — поставить вопрос к придаточному предложению.

• Если вопрос зву­чит «при каком условии, при каких условиях?», «когда, как скоро?» и т, д., то перед нами — придаточные вре­мени или условия, следовательно, будущее время не употребляется в придаточном.

• Если придаточное отве­чает на вопрос «что?», то это придаточное дополнительное и при необходимости можно использовать в придаточном предложении глагол в формах будущего времени.

Упражнения для закрепления данного материала

Exercise 1

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we'll go to the country.

2. I'll give you this video cassette if you return it next week.

3. They won't return in time unless they hurry.

4. If you interrupt again, you will have to go outside.

5. If I promise to give you the letter, will you come back?

6. She won't get better unless she calls a doctor.

She won't get better if she calls him. She'll get worse.

7. The whole matter will be forgotten if I manage to produce the letter.

8, It you see Dave tomorrow, tell him I'd like to have a word with him.

9. You won't be forgiven unless you return the money you have taken.

10. What will he do if he doesn't get their answer?

11. If they don't come to our party, we'll be upset.

12. If they want to come, there's nothing we can do.

Exercise 2

Open the brackets in the conditional sentences, making necessary changes.

Example: If he (come) tomorrow, he will help us. — If he comes tomorrow, he will help us.

1. If you (put) salt on ice, it will melt.

2. If he (leave) now, he will miss the rush hour.

3. Provided that she (service) the car, we'll be able to drive to the country.

4. Unless he (do) his homework, he'll stay at home.

5. Providing that we (get up) early, we'll reach the place of destination in time.

6. They will let us know if they (see) him.

Exercise 3

Заполните пробелы правильной формой гла­гола (ситуации, данные в предложениях, описывают вероят­ные события будущего).

1. The old gentleman doesn't go out in winter. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer.

2. I (wait) for the doctor until he (come) back from the hospital.

3. I’m afraid the old woman (die) before she (see) her son.

4. The teacher said, "I (begin) the lesson as soon as Jack (stop) talking."

5. Не (not pass) the examination next summer if he (not work) much harder.

6. He (have) a bad accident if he (not drive) more carefully.

7. She's flying to Rome tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as she (arrive).

8. She told her guests, "We (have) lunch when my son (come) home from school."

9. You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi.

10. I (not speak) to him again if he (not apologize).

11. We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day.

12. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed.

13. I'm sure he (write) to me as soon as he (know) my new address.

14. Peter has borrowed my dictionary. He (give) it back when he (see) me tomorrow.

15. The postman (start) work tomorrow before the sun (rise).

Exercise 4

Open the brackets and put the Future or the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. I (accompany) you with pleasure as soon as I (finish) my report.

2. The performance (be) a great success if he (play) the leading role.

3. If this time (be) convenient for you, we (meet) tomorrow.

4. We (not complete) the work this week in case he (get) ill.

5. We (not start) till he (arrive).

6. Provided he (leave) now, he (miss) the rush hour.

7. We (not be able) to carry out the experiment unless he (help) us.

8. You may take my dictionary as long as you (give) it back on Friday.

9. As soon as he (return) from the beach, we (have) dinner.

10.I (phone) you when she (come).

11. Providing that he (work) hard, he will finish his work on Thursday.

12. She has two keys in her bag in case she (lose) one.

13. Unless he (come), we (not go) to the country.

14. He (remind) you of your promise in case you (forget) it.

15. As soon as the lake (get frozen), she (go skating).

16. When you (turn) on the right, you (see) an old oak.

17. If she (keep) her promise, they (be) rich.

18. Unless you (look) at the picture at some distance, you (not see) the details.

Exercise 5

Choose the right variant and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. I can't decide if I ___ you till I ____ when they ____.

1. will join, will know, will leave

2. will join, know, will leave

3. join, will know, leave

4. join, will know, will leave

2. In case the weather ____ good, they ______ fishing.

1. will be, will go

2. is, go

3. will be, go

4. is, will go

3. I ___ you the keys to the car as long as you _____the speed.

1. will give, won't exceed

2. give, won't exceed

3. will give, don't exceed

4. give, don't exceed

4. Unless he ____, we _____ to the theatre.

1. doesn't come, won't go

2. comes, won't go

3. won't come, don't go

4. doesn't come, don't go

5. I don't know if they _____ new people. If they ____,

I _____ you of it.

1. will hire, will, will inform

2. hire, do, inform

3. hire, will, will inform

4. will hire, do, will inform

6. I ____ anywhere till my son ____ all his exams.

1. won't go, doesn't take

2. don't go doesn't take

3. won't go, takes

4. won't go, will take

7. I ____ the article when I ___ home and ____ you up

when it _____ ready.

1. will translate, will come, will ring, will be

2. will translate, come, will ring, is

3. will translate, will come, ring, will be

4. translate, will come, ring, is

8. If she ___ and we ____ at home, ask her when she ____

the magazine.

1. phones, are not, will bring

2. will phone, will not be, will bring

3. phones, will not be, brings

d) will phone, will not be, brings

9. He _____ me the book providing I ______ it not later

than Saturday.

1. will give, will return

2. give, return

3. will give, return

4. give, will return

Exercise 6

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Если Вы поможете мне, я переведу этот текст быст­рее. 2.Они будут смотреть фильм, как только дети лягут спать. 3. Как только он придет, я ему все расска­жу. 4. Я с ним поговорю до твоего приезда, но я не уверен, последует ли он моим советам. 5. Завтра мы поедем за город, если только не будет дождя. 6. Я буду вам очень благодарен, если вы продиктуете мне эту статью. 7. С вашей стороны будет очень глупо, если вы не воспользуетесь данной возможнос­тью. 8. Если вы не будете больше заниматься, то вам будет трудно сдавать экзамены. 9. Поезд прибывает через час. Если вы поедете на машине, вы встретите ее. 10. Как только вы его увидите, спросите его, когда он уезжает и зайдет ли он к нам перед отъездом. 11. Если нас не будет дома, когда вы позвоните, то перезвоните попозже. 12. Спросите их, не дадут ли они мне пылесос, если мне нужно будет почи­стить ковер. 13. Вот вам мой адрес на тот случай, если вы решите приехать в Москву. 14. Мне отправить пись­мо? — Да. Когда вы пойдете домой, бросьте его в почто­вый ящик. 15. Я уверен, вы полюбите ее, как только она начнет работать с вами. 16. Мы детально обсудим этот вопрос до того, как он придет. 17. Если он не получит книгу в воскресенье, он не сможет подготовиться к докладу. 18. Он не выполнит это задание, если оно будет слишком сложным. 19.Что вы сделаете, если выиграете главный приз? 20. Он купит новую машину, если не потратит деньги на что-нибудь другое.

В предложениях нереального у с л о в и я употребляются формы сослагательного наклонения. Употребление форм глагола в этих предложениях зависит от того, к какому времени относится действие.

1. Если действие относится к настоящему или будущему, то в услов­ном предложении употребляются неперфектные формы сослагательного наклонения — Past Subjunctiye или нереальное Past Indefinite(глагол во второй форме или с окончанием -ed), а в главном — аналитическая форма I сослагательного наклонения с непер­фектным инфинитивом (should/would + глагол в первой форме):

IF _______Verb 2 / -ed …., _____ should/would + Verb 1… .

• If he were free tomorrow, he would go with us to the museum.

Если бы он был свободен завтра, он бы пошел с нами в музей.

• If we paid more attention to grammar, we should know the language better.

Если бы мы больше внимания уделяли грамматике, мы бы лучше знали язык.

Упражнения для закрепления данного материала

Exercise 1

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1. If I knew his address, I'd write him.

2. If he had more spare time, he would help us.

3. If we received that letter tomorrow, we would answer immediately.

4. If he were here, he would answer your question.

5. If she was here, they would ask her a few questions.

6. If I were you, I wouldn't dare to argue.

7. He would certainly agree if he were in your place.

8. Phil would travel if he had more money.

9. If they didn't want to go, they wouldn't.

10. I'd go out if it weren't snowing.

11. If she didn't come to their party next week, they would be very angry.

12. What would you do if your house were broken into?

13. Ellen wouldn't give me any money if I asked her.

14. Would you give me money if I asked you?

15. What would you do if you found somebody's purse?

16. Unless they offered more, I wouldn't accept the job.

Exercise 2

Open the brackets in the conditional sentences making necessary changes according to the model.

Example:

If he (come) tomorrow, he would help us. — If he came tomorrow, he would help us.

1. If you met the president, what you (do)?

2. Where you (go) if you were on leave?

3. I would go skiing if there (be) more snow.

4. She would play tennis if it (be) not so hot.

5. If he (live) nearer, we would see each other more often.

6. I might go for a walk if the weather (be) nice.

7. I would call him up if he (come) tomorrow.

8. If I (be) in his shoes, I wouldn't invite the Browns.

9. If we (not have) to study, we would go out tonight.

10. If I were as young as you are, I (sail) in a boat round the world.

Exercise 3

Supply the correct form of the infinitives in brackets.

A

1. Larry (to write) them if he (to have) their address.

2. If I (to have) enough money, I (to buy) this overcoat.

3. If I (to stop off) in Boston, I (to stay) with my friends.

4. If you (to travel) first class, it (to cost) over Ј650.

5. If you (to ask) Esther, she (to help) you.

6. If you (to see) her now, you (not to recognize) her.

7. What you (to do) if you (to ask) to help us?

8. If I (to go) to the doctor, he (to give) me a certificate?

9. If I (to be) you, I (to choose) a different topic.

10.What you (to do) if you (to be) in his place?

B

1. If he (to ask) about this case, he (not to tell) anything. He is too frightened.

2. How long it (to take) you to get to the University if you (to move) into this flat?

3. If we (not to waste) so much energy, our resources (to last) longer.

4. They (not to be pleased) if we (came) without asking.

5. I (not to be surprised) if the money (to find) at his place.

6. What (to happen) if there (to be) a serious nuclear acci­ dent?

7. If there (to be) a flood in this area, you (not to get) a penny in compensation.

8. I (not to be) in this job unless I (to be) a Ph.D.!

9. Unless we (to think) new research was necessary, we (not to spend) money on it.

10. Just imagine what the world (to be) like if we (not to have) electricity!

Exercise 4

Translate these sentences into English.

1. Если бы Майкл выехал завтра пораньше, то он был бы в Лондоне уже к вечеру.

2. Если бы у меня был хороший словарь, я бы тратил меньше времени на переводы.

3. Мне нравятся эти часы. Если бы они были дешевле, я бы купил их.

4. На вашем месте я бы выбрала другую работу.

5. Я уверен, что вы бы делали меньше ошибок, если бы лучше знали грамматику.

6. Если бы она не тратила так много денег, ей не при­шлось бы брать в долг.

7. Если бы решение этого вопроса зависело от меня, я бы помог вам.

8. На вашем месте я бы не спорил.

9. Я бы не согласился на это предложение, если бы я был на месте Николая.

10. Они не приезжали бы в этот город каждое лето, если бы им там не нравилось.

11. Мне больше нравился бы здешний климат, если бы дождь не шёл так часто.

12. Что бы вы делали, если бы были на моем месте?

13. Если бы вы попросили их помочь, они бы не отказа­ли вам.

……

2. Если и в главном, и в условном придаточном предложениях дей­ствие относится к прошлому, то в условном предложении употреб­ляется нереальное Past Perfect (had + основной глагол в третьей форме), а в главном — аналитическая форма I сослагательного наклонения с перфектным инфинитивом (should/ would + have + основной глагол в третьей форме):

IF _______had +Verb 3 / -ed …., _____ should/would + have+ Verb 3/ -ed … .

• If she had not planned that excursion, nothing would ever have happened. Если бы она не запланировала эту экскурсию, ничего бы вообще не случилось.

• If I had not received the letter, I shouldn't have written the answer. Если бы я не получила письмо, я бы не написала ответ.

Упражнения для закрепления данного материала

Exercise 1

Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

1. If he had put on a warm coat yesterday, he would not have caught cold.

2. If I had seen him yesterday, I'd have given him a piece of my mind.

3. If he had realized the danger, he would have run away.

4. Tony wouldn't have been so depressed if he had known everything.

5. If George had gone to the party last night, he would've seen Bell there.

6. Unless you had studied film history, you'd never have passed that test!

7. We wouldn't have chosen this tour unless it had been escorted.

8. Would you have gone to Rio if you had known it was going to be so hot there?

9. Matthew wouldn't have left the children alone for too long if it hadn't been so necessary to see the doctor.

10. How much would you have spent on your holiday tour if you had gone first class instead of second?

11. If the mother hadn't left the scissors on the floor, the kid wouldn't have cut his finger.

Exercise 2

Open the brackets in the conditional sentences making necessary changes.

Example: If he (come) yesterday, he would have helped us. — If he had come yesterday, he would have helped us.

1. She (notice) this mistake if she had been more attentive.

2.1 might have gone on an excursion with you if I (know) about it beforehand.

3. If we (know) that you were there, we would have called on you.

4. If I had known of his arrival, I (meet) him.

5. Nobody told me about your trouble. I would have helped you if I (know) about it.

6. If you had tried your best, you (get) the job.

7. If he (not work) late, he would have caught his bus.

8. If Mary had agreed to sit in for us, we (go) to the movie yesterday.

9. He (pass) his exams well if he had studied hard.

10.I would have prepared everything yesterday if I (receive) your message on Monday.

Exercise 3

Translate these sentences into English.

1. Если бы вы взяли такси, вы бы приехали на вокзал вовремя вчера.

2. Если бы ваше предложение было получено на прошлой неделе, мы бы приняли его.

3. Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы были там вчера в это время.

4. Если бы вы пришли пораньше в тот день, вы бы ещё застали моих родителей.

5. Если бы они не отказались помочь, мы бы вчера уже закончили работу.

6. Если бы вы читали книгу, то вы бы лучше поняли фильм.

7. Если бы задание было не таким сложным на прошлой контрольной работе, студенты выполнили бы его гораздо быстрее.

8. Если бы я взял с собой видеокамеру, то снял бы хоро­ший фильм во время путешествия.

9. Если бы я был в городе, когда твой брат приезжал, я бы повидался с ним.

10. Алан не принял бы это предложение, если бы не нуждался в деньгах.

11. Лоренс не вышла бы за него замуж, если бы не была уверена в том, что это будет хороший брак.

12. Я бы не начала читать эту книгу, если бы мне её не порекомендовали.

13. Дэвид никогда бы не поступил в университет, если бы не занимался историей в школе.

14. Никто бы не заподозрил его в краже, если бы он уничтожил отпечатки пальцев тогда.

……..

Кроме описанных случаев, среди нереальных условных предложений могут быть и такие, когда условие и следствие, т. е. придаточное и главное предложения, относятся к разному времени: нереальное условие может относиться к прошлому, а следствие к настоящему или будущему. В этом случае употребление Форм сослагательного наклонения подчиня­ется общему правилу: настоящие или будущие нереальные действия передаются неперфектными формами сослагательного наклонения (Past Subjunctive, нереальное Past Indefinite и аналитическая форма I с неперфектным инфинитивом), а нереальные действия, относящиеся к прошлому, передаются перфектными формами(нереальное Past Perfect и аналитическая форма I с перфектным инфинитивом):

• If we had not missed the train, we should be at home now.

Если бы мы не опоздали на поезд, мы были бы сейчас дома.

• If I had received your letter yesterday, I should visit you tomorrow.

Если бы вчера я получил ваше письмо, я бы навестил вас завтра.

Нереальное условие может не относиться ни к какому определенному времени, а следствие при этом может относиться к прошлому:

• If she were interested in the language, she would have joined the English speaking society. Если бы она интересовалась языком, она бы давно записалась в кружок английского языка.

В придаточном предложении проблематичного условия употребляется аналитическая форма II сослагательного наклонения (should do), а в главном — либо Future Indefinite изъявительного наклонения, либо форма глагола в повелительном наклонении. В этих предложениях действие главного и придаточного предложений относится к будущему:

• If the weather should change, they will go boating.

Если погода вдруг изменится, они поедут кататься на лодке.

• If you should leave your bag in the cloakroom, don't forget to take it back.

Если тебе случится оставить сумку в гардеробе, не забудь забрать её обратно.

Упражнения для закрепления данного материала

Exercise 1

Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct form. Pay attention to the adverbial modifiers of time.

1. If he (book) tickets yesterday, he (lie) on the beach now.

2. She (not forgive) him if she (not be) his mother.

3. If you (drink) less last night, you (not feel) so bad today.

4. If he (be) cleverer, he (not behaved) so foolishly yesterday.

5. If I (know) English well, I (translate) the article long ago.

6. I (take) part in the last competition if I (be) younger.

7. If he (do) work yesterday, he (be) free today.

8. If you (take) into account his behavior then, you (not have) so much

trouble now.

9. You (may be) a star now if you (be offered) the part in the film then.

10. If she (not decide) to change a job last year, she (go) to China next month.

11. He (not go) to sleep over that book if it (not be) so dull.

12. If he (be) a good musician, he (take part) in yesterday's concert.

Exercise 2

Translate into English.

1. Ты бы расстроился (be upset), если бы я не при­шел? 2. Будь он осторожнее, он бы не упал. 3. Если бы он не приехал на машине встретить нас, нам бы са­мим пришлось нести свои вещи. 4. Ты бы пошла куда-нибудь сегодня вечером, если бы он пригласил тебя вчера? 5. Мы бы поехали сегодня в бассейн, если бы вы позвонили вчера вечером.

Различие в значении форм сослагательного наклонения основано на противопоставлении перфектных и неперфектных форм.

Все неперфектные формы выражают такие нереальные дей­ствия, которые рассматриваются либо как одновременные другим действиям (ситуациям), либо как будущие по отношению к ним.

Например:

• I wish he were with us now. Хотела бы я, чтобы он был с нами.

(Were выражает нереальное действие (состояние), одновременное с действием, выраженным глаголом to wish, и относится к настоящему времени, так как глагол to wish употреблен в Present Indefinite.)

• I wished he were with us at that moment. Мне хотелось бы, чтобы он был с нами в тот момент. (Жаль, что его не было с нами в тот момент.)

(Were выражает действие (состояние), одновременное с прошлым действием, выраженным глаголом to wish, который употреблен в Past Indefinite.)

• If he were with us now, he would explain everything. Если бы он был здесь, он бы все объяснил.

(В сложноподчиненном предложении с придаточным условным were и would explain выражают одновременные нереальные действия (состоя­ния), относящиеся к настоящему.)

Перфектные формы в сослагательном наклонении выражают предшествование, т. е. употребляются для выражения такого нереального действия, которое предшествует другому действию (или ситуации) и является по отношению к этому действию прошлым. На­пример:

• I wish you had come earlier. Я хотел бы, чтобы вы пришли рань­ше. (Жаль, что вы не пришли раньше.)

(Had come выражает нереальное прошедшее действие, предшест­вующее действию (состоянию), выраженному глаголом to wish в Present Indefinite.)

• I wished he had come earlier. Я жалела, что он не пришел рань­ше.

(Had come выражает нереальное действие, предшествующее дейст­вию (состоянию), выраженному глаголом to wish в Past Indefinite, т. е. здесь had come выражает предпрошедшее нереальное действие.)

Упражнения для закрепления данного материала

Exercise 1

Choose the right variant and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. She wished at that moment she (had not sent/did not send) for him.

2. "I wish I (had been/were) there with you," he said with deep regret.

3. She says she wishes I (had been/were) a thousand miles away.

4. I wish she (had not looked/did not look) so sad.

5. The professor wishes I (had studied/studied) harder.

6. We wished he (had not come/did not come) so late yesterday.

7. I wish you (had seen/saw) the play. It was a great success.

8. I wish they (had introduced/introduced) their friends to me at the party.

9. She wishes her father (hadn't known/ didn't know) it.

10. He wished they (hadn't noticed/didn't notice) his embarrassment.

Exercise 2

Paraphrase the following sentences using the subjunctive mood after the verb wish.

Example: It's a pity you are so busy these days. — I wish you were not so busy these days.

1. It's a pity we won't be able to reach the village before sunset.

2. My friend regrets not having told you all at once.

3. It's a pity that you did not send your son for one of us last night.

4. What a pity you are leaving so soon.

5. Unfortunately, he did not receive the answer before Christmas.

6. I am sorry I made you upset by bringing such depressing news.

7. The patient was sorry that he had not fulfilled all the doctor's instructions.

8. She was sorry she had no money to buy a toy for her son.

9. They were disappointed that they had not persuaded her.

10. It's a pity we are not so young as you are.

Exercise 3

Translate into English.

1. Как жаль, что он пришел так поздно. Мы не ус­пели поговорить о наших проблемах. 2. Как жаль, что он не разработал этот проект. 3.Как жаль, что нам придется так скоро уехать. 4. Обидно, что вы не дожда­лись его прихода. 5. Я теперь жалею, что не послушал­ся его совета. 6.Обидно, что вас не поняли. 7. Жаль, что вы упустили такой шанс. 8. Обидно, что ей придет­ся отказаться от такого предложения. 9. Как жаль, что он работает допоздна. 10. Он пожалел, что пришел и привел с собой друга. 11. Я бы очень хотела быть сей­час в Лондоне. 12. Как бы мне хотелось говорить по-английски так же хорошо, как он.

ИТОГОВЫЙ КОНТРОЛЬ

Exercise 1

Put the necessary forms of the verbs in the sentences below.

1. I felt sorry for Jane. If anybody____such a thing to me, I ____ hurt.

A would say, felt

B said, would feel

C had said, would feel

D will say, will feel

2. The orders are that three of you ____here, the rest________ to the city centre.

A will stay, will go

B should stay, should go

C would stay, would go

3. He ___ differently, if he___ an answer two days ago.

A will act, was given

B would act, were given

C would have acted, would have been given

D would have acted, had been given

4. Who was the first to suggest ___ the research, I can­ not well remember.

A him to do C that he will do

B that he do D that he would do

5. "I wish I ___your health and vitality. I ___ a new life for myself," she said with a smile.

A had, would make

B would have, made

C have, will have made

D was having, would have made

6. Don't help my son, please. I ____ rather he ___ supper himself. He is an excellent cook.

A would, will cook C would, cooked B had, cooks D had, had cooked

7. He wished he ___ her the money. She never re­turned it.

A had lent C did not lend

B hadn't lent D lent

8. If I ___ you, I ____ him. It's high time you ___ his advice.

A were, would contact, would take

B had been, would have contacted, would have taken

C am, will contact, will take

D were, would contact, took

9. He behaves as if nothing ____. But he forgets it is very important that he ____ a chance of going there.

A has happened, will take

B had happened, take

C was happened, should take

D happened, takes

10. If she___ half an hour earlier, she ___ to see him before the departure. He was eager to say good-bye to her.

A came, would be able

B would come, was able

C would have come, would have been able

D had come, would have been able

11. It is desirable that she ___at the conference. Our director demands that everybody ____at 3 o'clock.

A is present, comes

B will be present, will come

C be present, come

D would be present, would come

12. You were not attentive. If you ___ so nervous, you ____much better and ___ so many mistakes.

A had not been, would have spoken, wouldn't have made

B were not, would speak, wouldn't make

C wouldn't have been, had spoken, hadn't made

D wouldn't be, spoke, didn't make

13. ___his letter, his life ____. I wish he ____ anything.

A Would the newspaper not print, wouldn't have ru­ined, had written

B Had the newspaper not printed, wouldn't have ru­ined, hadn't written

C Had the newspaper not have printed, wouldn't ruin, wrote

D If the newspaper should not have printed, hadn't ruin, hadn't written

14. He speaks to me as though he ___something on his mind. It's time he ____ and ____everything to us.

A had had, had come, had explained

B had, came, explained

C has, will come, will explain

D had, should come, should explain

15. Some simple vending machines require that the exact amount of money for a particular item ____ .

A will insert C be inserted

B should insert D will be inserted

16. ___themselves at Victoria or Vancouver they ___themselves a large amount of money.

A Had the miners outfitted, would have saved

B Should the miners have outfitted, would have saved

C If the miners outfitted, would have saved

D If the miners had outfitted, should save

17. Inspector Strickland, like myself, was suffering from a severe attack of bronchitis, which threatened to become chronic if it ___immediately relieved.

A were not C had been

B would not be D would not have been

Exercise 2

Open the brackets using the proper form of the subjunctive mood.

1. He failed to appreciate our difficulty. He (behave) differently if he (realize) the situation.

2. He often asks me about you. If you (come) to see him tonight, he (be) delighted.

3. Why did you leave so hurriedly? If you (stay) there for another week, he (finish) your portrait.

4. Why do you always talk in such a scornful manner? If I (be) in your shoes, I (not be) so rude.

5. If you (smoke) less, you (feel) much better.

6.1 think that if you (tell) them that our invitation still stands, they (give) it another thought.

7. She (do) her best to save the situation if she (be) there but she was on business then.

8. Where you (go) if you (be) on leave now?

9. How about going to Spain? The weather is perfect. If we (go) now, we (be) able to go water-skiing.

10. If Jack (come) home earlier last night, he (call) you back.

11. If you (not complain) so much then, everyone (be) satisfied and she (not) be fired.

12. What you (reply) if somebody (apologize) to you?

Exercise 3

Put the necessary forms of the verbs in the sentences below.

1. Since they were new to town and didn't yet have a doctor, Matthew insisted that she ----- a taxi to the nearest hospital outpatient clinic.

A would take C took

B take D takes

2. I pretended not to be interested in what they said, and treated them as if I_----- their speaking.

A would not have understood

B had not understood

C did not understand

D do not understand

3. He wished they ___ his embarrassment at the moment

she was introducing him.

A hadn't noticed

B would have noticed

C would not have noticed

D didn't notice

4. At first, when we began to laugh, the expression of his face was one of intense surprise; as if laughter __------__the very last thing he had expected to be greeted with.

A was C had been

B were D would be

11. The sellers demanded that payment ___ within five days.

A were made

B would be made

C should be made

D is made

12. Put down the address lest you ___ it.

A would forget

B should forget

C should not forget

D would not forget

13. If I were you, I ___ it ___ yesterday.

A would wish, had been done

B would have wished, had been done

C wished, would have been done

D had wished, would be done

14. The teacher required that everyone ___ the meeting.

A attend C would attend

B attends D to attend

15. , they would lose everything.

A Would the contract be terminated

B Should the contract be terminated

C Had the contract been terminated

D Could the contract be terminated

16. If mother ---- him to the skating rink in his childhood, he ------- two times Olympic champion.

A didn't take, would never have become

B hadn't taken, would never have become

C wouldn't take, had never become

D wouldn't have taken, had never become

17. But for your help we in time.

A hadn't finished C should not have finished

B would not finish D didn't finish

18. I anything for this not to have happened.

A would have given C will give B have given D give

19. Missouri now requires that all children ages 7 to 16 in school.

A shall enroll C will enroll

B should enroll D enrolled

20. A young woman odd if she the clothing that

her grandmother had worn when young.

A would look, wore

B would look, had worn

C would have looked, wore

D looked, would wear

Exercise 4

Choose the correct alternative

1) I wish I my driving test. But unfortunately I failed.

I won't be able to drive my car for another two months.

a) passed b) had passed

2) Bobby wished he a doctor. He is in business now but

he doesn't like his job at all. He wants to be a doctor.

a) became b) had become

3) I wish I school. I'm so bored with textbooks and

homework.

a) left b) had left

4) I wish I prevent them from doing this!

a) were able to b) had been able to

5) Peter wished it the weekend already. He was so tired

working overtime the whole week.

a) were b) had been

6) Now he wished he her. He wasn't happy with her.

a) never met b) had never met

7) Liz wished she this talk. It's impossible to persuade

such people.

a) didn't start b) hadn't started

8) If only it summer now. I'm looking forward to my

holidays.

a) were b) had been

Exercise 5

Find the mistakes and correct it.

1. What would you do if you live here all the time, as we do?

2. If we met Captain Hook in open fight, leave me to deal with him.

3. If he hadn't come by 6 o'clock, he won't come at all.

4. If you eat less than you need, the body burns fat to get energy and you lose weight.

5. If you have finished your homework, you might be able to help us.

6. I could understand your friend from Italy if he spoken more slowly.

7. If my cat were sick, I would have taken it to the vet.

8. I wish you would give me this book for a while.

9. What will the kitchen look like if we painted it green?

10. Even if he did say so, we cannot be sure that he was telling the truth.

11. If you have been walking all the night, you probably need a rest.

12. If you went to London, you might have seen the Queen.

13. If they are promising to be here, they will certainly come.

14. Even if my parents disapproved of my plans, I wouldn't have given them up.

15. I wish the weather wouldn't be so dreadful today.

Exercise 6

Open the brackets and put the Future or the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. I (accompany) you with pleasure as soon as I (finish) my report. 2. The performance (be) a great success if he (play) the leading role. 3. If this time (be) convenient for you, we (meet) tomorrow. 4. We (not complete) the work this week in case he (get) ill. 5. We (not start) till he (arrive). 6. Provided he (leave) now, he (miss) the rush hour. 7. We (not be able) to carry out the experiment unless he (help) us. 8. You may take my dictionary as long as you (give) it back on Friday. 9. As soon as he (return) from the beach, we (have) dinner. 10.I (phone) you when she (come). 11. Providing that he (work) hard, he will finish his work on Thursday. 12. She has two keys in her bag in case she (lose) one. 13. Unless he (come), we (not go) to the country. 14. He (remind) you of your promise in case you (forget) it. 15. As soon as the lake (get frozen), she (go skating). 16. When you (turn) on the right, you (see) an old oak. 17. If she (keep) her promise, they (be) rich. 18. Unless you (look) at the picture at some distance, you (not see) the details.

Exercise 7

Choose the correct alternative

1. In case the weather good, they fishing.

a)will be, will go

b) is, go

c) will be, go

d) is, will go

2. Unless he , we to the theatre.

a)doesn't come, won't go

b)comes, won’t go

c)won’t come, don’t go

d)doesn’t come, don’t go

3. I can’t decide if I you till I when they .

a) will join, will know, will leave

b) will join, know, will leave

c) join, will know, leave

d) join, will know, will leave

4. I you the keys to the car as long as you

the speed.

a)will give, won't exceed

b) give, won't exceed

c) will give, don't exceed

d) give, don't exceed

5. I don't know if they new people. If they ,

I you of it.

a) will hire, will, will inform

b) hire, do, inform

c) hire, will, will inform

d) will hire, do, will inform

6. I anywhere till my son all his exams.

a) won't go, doesn't take

b) don't go doesn't take

c) won't go, takes

d) won't go, will take

7. If she and we at home, ask her when she

the magazine.

a) phones, are not, will bring

b) will phone, will not be, will bring

c) phones, will not be, brings

d) will phone, will not be, brings 8. I___ the article when I home and you up

when it___ready.

a) will translate, will come, will ring, will be

b) will translate, come, will ring, is

c) will translate, will come, ring, will be

d) translate, will come, ring, is

9. He me the book providing I it not later

than Saturday.

a) will give, will return

b) give, return

c) will give, return

d) give, will return

Exercise 8

Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1. Они будут смотреть фильм, как только дети лягут спать. 2, Как только он придет, я ему все расска­жу. 3, Я с ним поговорю до твоего приезда, но я не уверен, последует ли он моим советам. 4. Я буду вам очень благодарен, если вы продиктуете мне эту статью. 5. С вашей стороны будет очень глупо, если вы не воспользуетесь данной возможнос­тью. 6. Поезд прибывает через час. Если вы поедете на машине, вы встретите ее. 7. Как только вы его увидите, спросите его, когда он уезжает и зайдет ли он к нам перед отъездом. 8. Спросите их, не дадут ли они мне пылесос, если мне нужно будет почи­стить ковер. 9. Вот вам мой адрес на тот случай, если вы решите приехать в Москву. 10. Мне отправить пись­мо? — Да. Когда вы пойдете домой, бросьте его в почто­вый ящик. 11. Я уверен, вы полюбите ее, как только она начнет работать с вами. 12. Мы детально обсудим этот вопрос до того, как он придет. 13. Если он не получит книгу в воскресенье, он не сможет подготовиться к докладу.

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