They are working hard,

4. Fill in the gaps with the Modal verbs: can, can% could, couldnft.

1. have been chosen to represent our company in Spain because I am the only person in our firm who speak Spanish.

2. 1 do my homework last night because I was too tired.

3. Do you know how to cook? - Yes, I cook very well.

4. He watch TV last night because his TV set was broken.

5. Mozart play the piano and compose music at the age of three.

6. Elephants live until they are seventy.

7. We go swimming yesterday because the water was cold.

8. This diamond ring is too expensive for me. I buy it.

9. Einstein speak 8 foreign languages.

10. The coffee is too hot I

5. drink it.

   Look at the phrases given and define what abilities they denote: physical or mental? Put the verbs into two columns.

To swim, to speak a foreign language, to run fast, to jump, to play football, to think, to listen to music, to dream, to read, to smell the flower, to feel the fabric, to whisper, to analyze, to argue, to persuade, to write poems.

Now answer the question “What can you do?” using the phrases of Exercise 5.

6. Insert into the gaps may, might, to be allowed to/ not to be allowed to.

1. You go to the cinema with your friends, but, please, don’t come home late.

2. He work in the laboratory next week.

3. Until you are eighteen you to marry.

2. . I take your dictionary for a minute?

5. You leave this little matter entirely to me, Mr Brown.

6. She want some more wine. You’d better ask her to find it out.

7. He park here. It’s strictly prohibited.

8. When we lived in a hotel we not make any noise after nine.

9. According to the rules you not bring guests.

10. You take my dictionary. I don’t need it now.

7. Fill in the gaps using the modal verb must and the expressions given below.

close the door behind you go to medical school have a driver’s license have a library card have a passport pay an income tax

speak English outside of class every day, read newspapers

stop

study harder take one pill every six hours

1. According to the law a driver must have a driver’s license.

Ш143.21-9 В689 1

К.Н. Волченкова АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 1

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ язык 2

CONTENTS 4

LESSON 1. SUCCEEDING IN UNIVERSITY 4

Grammar: Verbs “to be” and “to have”. Word order. Simple Tenses. 1. Insert the right form of the verb “to be”. 6

2. Insert the right form of the verb “to have”. 6

3. Open the brackets and put the appropriate form of the verbs “to be” and “to have”. 6

4. Put the words given below into the right order to make up a sentence. 7

5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple Tense. Remember that some of them are irregular. 7

6. Open the brackets and put the verbs into one of the Simple Tenses. 7

1. Read and translate the text. 8

2. What are the main factors of success for an American student? Give the main ideas of the text. Vocabulary practice 8

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below. 8

3. Make up sentences using these groups of phrases in one sentence. 12

4. Read the text written by Steven C. Hayes (University of Nevada) and summarize its main ideas. 13

1. Put the sentences into the interrogative form. 15

2. Put the sentences into the interrogative form. 15

3. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Present Progressive Tense. 16

4. Open the brackets and put the verbs into Present Simple or Present Progressive. 16

5. Put the verbs into the appropriate form of the Past Progressive Tense. 16

6. Put the verbs into Past Simple or Past Progressive. 17

7. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the affirmative, interrogative or negative form of Future Progressive. 17

8. Open the brackets and put the verbs into Future Simple or Future Progressive. 17

9. Answer the questions about the actions, which are in progress now. 18

10. Translate from Russian into English using the Progressive Tenses. 18

2. Use the information in the text to find answers to the following questions. 19

3. Finish the sentences using the information from the text. 19

4. Look at the scheme of giving a summary to the text and enumerate the 4 main elements of the summary. 19

5. Look at the example summary and say what element among the enumerated ones does it lack? 20

6. Give your own variant of the summary. 20

1. March phrases in column A with their translation in column В and make up sentences with them. 20

2. Distribute the words given below into three columns. 20

3. Fill in the correct word from the list below. 21

1. Use the phrases given below to fill in the gaps into the sentences. 23

2. Choose the right variant: Present Perfect or Past Simple. 23

3. Translate from Russian into English using the active vocabulary of the lesson. 23

4. Read the text and match the abstracts with the titles given below. 24

3. Choose the right variant: Past Perfect or Present Perfect. 27

4. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Future Perfect Tense. 27

5. You are first year students. You spent not much time at the university. What have done yet? 28

6. React to the suggestion using the Present Perfect Tense as in the model. 28

Reading 28

1. Read the text and do the tasks after it. 28

2. Give the main idea of the text in one sentence. 29

3. Answer the questions to the text. 29

4. Try to explain the purpose of the following educational institutions. Make use of the model given to you. 30

Vocabulary practice 30

1. Match the English phrases with their Russian equivalents. 30

3. Insert the right prepositions. Consult the text. 32

4. Give the English equivalents to the following Russian phrases. 32

5. Complete the gaps using the factual information from the text. 32

1. Tell about the system of Higher education of the UK to your friend who doesn’t know anything about it. 32

2. What has changed in your character since you entered the university? Have you become more serious, more responsible, more independent or vice versa? 32

Homework 35

1. Open the brackets using one of the Perfect Tenses or the Past Simple Tense. 35

3. Express your agreement or disagreement with the statements. Prove your point of view by giving arguments. 35

3. Open the brackets and put the words into the Future Simple Passive. 37

4. Using the verbs in the box fill in the gaps. Put the verbs into the Past Simple Passive. ^ 38

5. Ann and Tom bought a car 10 years ago. The car has been repaired several times since then. Describe the changes that have been made, using the Present Perfect Passive. 38

7. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Past Perfect Passive. 40

8. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the Future Perfect Passive. 40

9. Insert by or with into the gaps. 40

10. Choose the right variant. 40

An associate degree: 42

2. Answer the questions to the text. 42

3. Try to explain the meaning of the following phrases. 42

4. Find in the text the sentences in the Passive Voice and read them to the group. 42

5. Tell about the American system of Higher education to the group of Russian students, using the following plan. 42

Vocabulary practice 42

2. Fill in the prepositions and make up the sentences of your own. 42

3. Read the abstract about the assessment system in an American University and 43

Problem solving 43

1. Discuss in groups of three: How do you think why the reasons mentioned above worry the American professors? 44

3. Give arguments to the following: 44

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate Passive tense form. 45

2. Transfer the sentences from Active into Passive. 46

3. Try to match discoveries and works of art with the famous inventors. 46

4. Read the commands and say that the actions have already been already. 46

5. Choose one of the inventions and present the story of its development for your classmates. Use the following plan: 46

6. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the Active vocabulary of the lesson. 47

7. Read the text and open the brackets. 47

8. Complete the sentence given below: 48

9. Answer the questions to the text. 48

Smile with us 48

3. Read and translate the sentences. Try to explain the meaning of the words and word combinations in bold. 50

Lead-in 50

1. Try to answer the following questions using your background knowledge. 50

1. Ask Yes/No questions to the following statements. 50

2. Ask special questions to the underlined words. 51

3. Match question tags with the appropriate statement. 51

4. Fill in the gaps with the Modal verbs: can, can% could, couldn^ft. 51

5. Look at the phrases given and define what abilities they denote: physical or mental? Put the verbs into two columns. 53

6. Insert into the gaps may, might, to be allowed to/ not to be allowed to. 53

7. Fill in the gaps using the modal verb must and the expressions given below. 53

8. Fill in the gaps with the modal verb must or its equivalents have to, be to. 82

9. Finish the sentences using should or shouldn 7. 83

10. Use mustn 4 or needn’t to fill the gaps. 83

11. Choose the right variant. 83

Reading 83

1. Read and translate the text. Enumerate its main ideas. 83

2. Make up a dialog. 85

Speaking 1. Read the statement. What does it imply? Try to explain its meaning in your own words. 86

2. Prepare a talk about the prevalence of values over the actions we perform and things we do in our life. 86

3. Choose one of the expressions below and write an Argumentative Essay where you are to express your agreement or disagreement with the chosen statement about the purpose of education. 86

1. Answer the following questions to find out what small talk is. 86

2. Practice the following dialog. 86

3. What topics are safe to talk about? Discuss these questions with your partner before you see the list of safe topics. 86

4. With a partner choose one or two topics from Task 3 making small talk with him or her. Homework 87

1. Match synonyms and make up sentences with the word expressions from column B. 87

2. Translate from Russian into English. 88

3. Ask all the possible questions to the following sentences. 88

4. Ask questions starting with the following question words. 88

2. Answer the questions to the text. 93

3. What facts do you know about the SUSU that were not mentioned in the text? Share them with the groupmates. 93

4. If you were asked to give the three most striking facts about the university what facts would you choose? 93

5. Find additional information about the following organizations and places of the SUSU. 93

6. Present the information you find to your groupmates using the following scheme: 93

Vocabulary Practice 93

1. Practice the formulas used when asking for information in English. 96

2. Make up a dialog. 96

Student В 96

Homework 96

2. Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 97

3. Finish the sentences. 97

4. Read the text and say if it is difficult to study at Oxford. 97

4. Fill in the correct grammar tense. 101

5. Complete the sentences. What would you do in the following situations? 101

1. Read and translate the text. 101

2. Answer the questions to the text. 102

3. Look at the characteristics of a teacher, choose two the most important ones from your point of view and explain your choice. 102

2. Give the English equivalents for the following word combinations. 102

3. Match words with their synonyms and use them in the sentences to complete the gaps. 103

2. Does a job of a teacher have anything in common with the jobs of a news reporter and a surgeon? What are these similarities if any? 105

Communication: giving advice. 105

1. Practice the phrases used to give advice. 105

2. Use the formulas to give a piece of advice in the following situations. 105

3. Do you have problems in your life? Formulate some of the problems and ask 106

your fellow students to give a piece of advice to you. Homework 106

1. Translate the text in written form. 106

2. Enumerate the top six key factors to being a successful teacher. 107

3. Insert the required form of the verb into the gaps. 107

4. Finish the sentences. 107

5. Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 107

1. Answer the questions using your background knowledge. 109

2. Here are different definitions of the term “innovation”. Do they mean the same thing or different things? 109

Reading 109

1. Read the text and choose the best title for it. 109

2. Fill in the prepositions. 110

3. Give the English equivalents to the Russian phrases. 111

4. Rank the given statements in order of their importance in answering to the question: “ What is the main task of education from the point of view of the 21^st century student?” Give arguments to prove your choice. 111

4. Read the sentence and try to remember the last variant. 111

6. Here are different reasons that may cause innovation enumerated. Can you think of arguments for the reason if you think it is true and arguments against the reason if you think it is false? 112

Reading 112

1. There are different types of innovations in education. Read the text and list the 112

2. Any person can be an innovator as our life is an endless process of self- perfection. Imagine that you are a group of Innovators. You are invited to the university to make some changes. Discuss in groups the following questions: 113

3. Choose three innovations and present them to the classmates giving your arguments to proof the innovations are necessary. Homework 1. Translate from Russian into English. 113

2. What do the following statements mean? Define the idea and develop it in written form. 114

3. The film studio is going to make a documentary film about the greatest inventions of the mankind. You are supposed to speak about one invention only. Present information on: 114

2. Discuss in groups the following questions. 119

3. Give the summary of your discussion to the groupmates. Communication: comparing, contrasting, expressing preferences. 119

1. Compare and contrast two means of communication: post and e-mail. Which do you think is most efficient and why? 119

2. Which of these means (e-mail, text messages, post, cell phone) do you mostly use to communicate with your family/friends? 119

1. Using your background knowledge about psychology as a science, complete the following sentences. You may use the phrases given below. 122

2. Agree or disagree with the following statements. 122

3. Try to develop the idea given. Agree or disagree. Give your arguments. 122

1. Say whether the action of the object clause precedes, follows or is simultaneous with the action of the principal clause in the following sentences. 122

Reading 124

1. Read the text and express in your own words the main idea of the text. 124

2. Use the information in the text to find answers to the following questions. 125

3. Give the title to each paragraph. Find the basic sentence in each paragraph of the text. 125

4. Tell about psychology as a science to a person who is interested in learning it. Use the following plan. 125

5. Find the information about the leading schools in psychology: 125

Vocabulary practice 125

1. Find the equivalents in the text. 125

3. Choose the appropriate phrases to complete the dialog. 129

4. Make up similar dialogs. Homework 1. What are the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations? 129

2. Translate these sentences using words and word expressions from Task 1 and mind the grammar of the lesson. 129

3. Make up sentences using these groups of phrases in one sentence. 129

1. Using your background knowledge about methods of research in psychology agree or disagree with the following statements. 131

2. Try to develop the idea given. Agree or disagree with the following quotation. Give your arguments. 131

1. Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech. 131

2. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech. 132

3. Change the sentences into Indirect Speech. 132

Reading 133

1. Read the text and express in your own words the main idea of the text. 133

2. Use the information in the text to find answers to the following questions. 134

3. Finish the sentences using the information in the text. 134

4. Present the additional information on other methods of research you’ve found to your groupmates using the following scheme: 163

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below. 163

2. Match phrases in column A with their translation in column В and make up sentences with them. 164

3. Distribute the words given below into three columns. 164

1. Make up a dialog. 164

2. Express your point of view on the following statements. Give your arguments. 164

3. Role play: “A talk to a scientific advisor”. 165

2. Read the dialogs, practice them and underline the phrases used to express doubt, disbelief or surprise. 165

3. React somehow expressing doubt or surprise. Use the phrases given. 166

4. Make up sentences so that the following phrases may be answers to them. 166

5. Answer the following questions: 168

6. Are the following statements true or false? 168

7. Can you give your own example of using the survey method in psychology? 168

2. Look at the activities enumerated in Task 1 and tell your groupmates what develops memory best of all in your opinion. 169

3. Can you give a clear answer to the question: Whose fault is it that a person’s memory is poor? 170

4. Try to develop the idea given. Agree or disagree with the following quotation. Give your arguments. 170

Grammar: Gerund. 170

1. Choose the right form of the Gerund. 170

2. Insert the right preposition. 171

3. Put the words given below into the right order to make up a sentence. 171

4. Match the parts of the sentences from A and B^olumns. 171

5. Open the brackets and put the appropriate from of the gerund. 171

2. Use the information in the text to find answers to the questions. 173

3. Discuss in groups of four: for what professions good memory is a compulsory thing? Make a list and explain why you think so. 173

4. Your friend complains on his memory. What advice would you give him? 173

2. Insert the right prepositions. Make up sentences with the expressions. 173

2. Discuss in groups of three the advantages and disadvantages of the memory techniques described in Task 1? 175

3. How do you understand the meaning of the following citations? 175

4. Discuss in groups of four. 175

Communication 1. Agree or disagree with the following statements. 175

2. Answer the questions and then make up a dialog using these questions. 175

3. Complete the dialog between two students, one of whom majors in psychology, while the other majors in history. 175

4. Tell your groupmates about your ways of memory exercising. 176

Homework 176

1. Read through the following, allowing yourself to form mental pictures as you go along. When you come to the end, write down the list of words in the correct order. 176

2. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences by the participle. 179

3. Translate the words in brackets. 179

4. Define the function of the participle. 179

5. Make up sentences from these words. 180

1. Read and translate the text. 180

2. What are the main personality types being defined in the text? 181

Vocabulary practice 181

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below. 181

4. Complete the sentences. 181

Discussion 1. Discuss in groups of three: What features of character can be called the Russian ones? Make a list and present it to the rest of the group. 182

2. Read the text and agree or disagree with the statements, highlighting the peculiarities of the Russians. 182

4. Read the joke and try to explain in your own words the meaning of the word “hypocrisy.” 184

Communication: What’s your sign? 184

1. Work with your partner. Find out your partner’s sign. Then read your partner’s description in the horoscope. See if your partner agrees with the description of his or her personality. Make up your own dialog. 184

2. The following statements are all incorrect. Work with a partner. Ask and answer questions to find out what’s wrong. 185

3. Develop the ideas given. Discuss them in groups of three. 185

1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English. 185

2. Read the text and summarize the main ideas. 186

3. Match the color with the personality trait. 186

3. Express your agreement or disagreement with the following quotes: 189

4. Prepare a two-minute speech, where you express your opinion to the following: “Pluses and minuses of modern means of communication.” Grammar: Infinitive constructions. 1. Compare the forms of the infinitive and elicit the difference in meaning. 189

2. Find infinitives in the following sentences and define their functions. Translate the sentences into Russian. 189

3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the infinitive. Define its function. 189

4. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the infinitive. 190

5. Transform the sentences using the complex object construction. 190

6. Translate the sentences using the complex object construction. 190

7. Rewrite the sentences according to the models using the complex subject 191

8. Translate the sentences using the complex subject construction. 191

Reading 191

1. Read and translate the text. 191

2. Answer the questions to the text. 192

3. Discuss in pairs the following: 192

Vocabulary practice 1. Fill in the correct word from the list below: 193

2. Insert the right prepositions. Make up sentences with the expressions. 222

Useful Phrases for making Persuasive speeches 252

2. Read the following model and circle the linking words. Then, underline the reasons given to support each point raised. 253

3. Make up a persuasive speech on one of the following topics and present it to your groupmates. 253

1. Make up small dialogs, using the phrases from Task 1. 254

2. Here are some dialogs illustrating different ways of persuading. Read them and try to see how one person persuaded the other to do something. 254

3. Read the text and answer the questions. 256

4. Argue or disagree with the following. 257

5. Make up a persuasive speech on one of the following topics. 257

LESSON 15. HOW TO MAKE UP AN EFFECTIVE PRESENATION? Brainstorming activity 257

2. Look through the text and enumerate the methods of fighting fear of public speaking it suggests. 258

3. Express your opinion to the following. Which of the tips seem quite reasonable to you and which, from your point of view, are useless and why? 4. Comment on the ideas of the quotations and express your agreement or disagreement with them. 259

Grammar: the Absolute Participial Construction. 259

2. Combine the sentences using the Absolute Participial Construction. 260

Reading 260

1. Read and translate the text. 260

2. Answer the questions to the text. 261

3. Dwell upon the citation of George Jessel given before the text. Express your agreement or disagreement with it. 262

4. Experts say the first minutes of the presentation are the most important ones. Discuss with your partner the variants of effective openings. Then click the button to compare your variants with those suggested by the experts. Vocabulary practice 262

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below: 262

2. Insert the right prepositions. Make up sentences with the expressions. 263

3. Match phrases with their translation. 263

1. Read the text and say why you need to prepare visuals for the presentation. 263

2. Study the materials about describing visual aids. 264

3. Match each sentence below with one of the following graphs. 265

4. Prepare three different visual aids on the subject you like and describe them before the audience. 265

1. Read the text and say what types of questions can be asked at presentation and how you should deal with them? 265

2. Practice some expressions used for dealing with questions. 266

5. Work with a partner. Choose the topic you both know well. Work separately to write four or five questions about the topic. Then practice asking and answering questions, using different ways of dealing with questions. 269

Homework 269

2. Have you ever made a presentation in PowerPoint? If yes, do you know any secrets of making an effective PowerPoint presentation? Prepare a speech where you are giving advice on using PowerPoint for presentations. 269

REFERENCES 151

8. Fill in the gaps with the modal verb must or its equivalents have to, be to.

1. We wait for some minutes because we missed the train.

2. 1 meet my sister at the station today at 7.

3. There is no ice-cream. According to the schedule it be delivered at twelve.

4. 1 leave early because I was not feeling quite well.

5. The inn was small and we share the room.

6. She come to work in time or I’ll fire her!

7. To know English you read more books in the original.

8. The game begin at 6 according to the programme.

9. You study well or you will not enter the university.

1. be at the meeting. My boss ordered me to be there. He will accept no excuses.

8. Finish the sentences using should or shouldn 7.

1. Students come to class every day.

2. We waste our money on things we don’t need.

3. Life is short. We waste it.

4. It’s raining. You take your umbrella when you leave.

5. People be cruel to animals.

6. Your plane leaves at 8.00. You get to the airport by 7.00.

7. You smoke in a crowded room because the smoke bothers other

people.

8. When you go to New York, you see play on Broadway.

9. You walk alone on city streets after midnight. It’s dangerous.

10. When you go to San Francisco, you ride on the cable cars.

8. Use mustn 4 or needn’t to fill the gaps.

1. You give Freddy any more sweets or he won’t eat any tea.

2. The doctor said I go back to the hospital; my leg is all right.

3. You make any sandwiches for me. I’m not hungry.

4. She fill in a new application form, we have the other one.

5. You mention this to Kate, or she’ll get upset.

6. She bring a doctor’s certificate, she was only away for one day.

7. You take any more aspirins, you’ve had four already.

8. Tell her she open any letters marked “personal”.

8. Choose the right variant.

1. You may/ mustn’t run the corridors. It’s dangerous.

2. Can/Should I ask you a question?

3. Will/Shall we go out for lunch today?

4. You should/must see a doctor as soon as possible. You’ve got high temperature.

5. Tom can/may play tennis very well.

1. have no choice. I have to/must wait for him until he comes.

7. Today a have a date with Tom. I am to be/have to be at the cafe at 10.

8. Tony was able to/could enter the University.

9. You shouldn ’t/mustn ^yt lie in court.

Reading

1. Read and translate the text. Enumerate its main ideas.

VALUE OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Our society was designed to give individuals the chance to make choices based on their own needs and wants. Certainly the needs of the society as a whole must be taken into account but the foundation remains the individual. People must have the ability to recognize their own needs and the needs of the overall society. In order to participate properly they must understand the rules of the game. Such sophistication does not come naturally; it must be taught. This cannot be done without proper education.

What is the value of higher education for the individual?

Sometimes it is difficult to see the exact value of your education. However finishing university is an asset that everyone with the opportunity should take full advantage of. Just finishing higher school alone opens up thousands more opportunities for individuals. When entering a specific field within the job market, it is often required that the applicant has a higher school diploma. Therefore, many times without the higher school diploma, a person is restricted to a smaller number of occupations for which they are qualified for. Higher school teaches students to learn. It gives them a background in many different subjects and methods of learning. An understanding of how the world works is a very important skill for a person who is living in our world today.

A higher school education gives student the experience and the confidence that they will be able to use in many life situations. Attending higher school gives students opportunities to express themselves and to learn about other people and their ideas. Having the knowledge obtained in higher school often gives people confidence later in life when they are dealing with the public. It can give a person confidence in the way that they view their abilities later in life.

In order for society to advance our society must be educated. As a higher school education is free, people should take advantage of the wonderful opportunity that they are and try to gather all the knowledge that they possibly can.

Years ago I saw a poster that depicted a mansion situated on a cliff overlooking the ocean. There were several expensive automobiles in the garages. At the bottom was a phrase stating “The Value of Education”. This simple statement is wonderfully ambiguous: does it mean that an education is valuable because it will enable one to get such luxury, or that an education will help one to understand that life is not really about such material possessions?

My view is that the value of education is best measured by what graduates do with their lives.

2. Answer the questions using the information in the text.

1. What is important to take into account while choosing the occupation?

2. What are the advantages of having a higher school diploma?

3. What is the main function of any higher school?

4. What skills and opportunities does the higher school give to students?

5. What does the society need educated individuals for?

3. Can you comment the last sentence of the text? What does it imply?

Vocabulary practice

1. Fill in the correct word from the list below: proper, wants, value, to pursue, possessions, ambiguous, properly, job, to make, life. Consult the text if

necessary.

1. an statement

2. material

3. . situation

4. . gathering knowledge

5. . choices

6. exact

7. . market

8. needs and

9. to participate

10. . education

2. Insert the prepositions where necessary.

1. to take account

2. to be based

3. value education

4. to take full advantage

5. to open

6. to be restricted

7. to be qualified

8. to deal

9. to express themselves

3. Make up 15 sentences with the word combinations from Exercises 1 and 2. Discussion

1. What are the things among the enumerated below that will be difficult for you to live without? Make up a list of things in the order of importance and explain your choice. Compare it with your partner’s list.

Health

Happiness of your relatives

Well-paid job A good family Safety Self-realization Usefulness for the society you live in Wealth Spiritual wealth Fame

Start your explanations with the following:

In the first place of my preference list I placed

I have chosen it because I think that....

Then use the following logical connectors of order.

Secondly, in the third place, the fourth in the list is, further I placed, then, after that, finally.

2. Make up a dialog.

Student A You have a sister/brother who doesn’t want to get a higher education. What arguments will you use to persuade him/her that higher education is essential nowadays?

Student В You don’t want to get a higher education, as you don’t want to spend 5 years of your life studying at some higher institution. You strongly believe that it is impossible to acquire the necessary practical skills by writing lectures and working at seminars.

Speaking 1. Read the statement. What does it imply? Try to explain its meaning in your own words.

“The aim of education is the knowledge not of fact, but of values”. William Inge

2. Prepare a talk about the prevalence of values over the actions we perform and things we do in our life.

3. Choose one of the expressions below and write an Argumentative Essay where you are to express your agreement or disagreement with the chosen statement about the purpose of education.

1. “Education is for improving the lives of others and for leaving your community and world better than you found it”. Marian Wright

2. “Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance”. Will Durant

3. “The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think - rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves,

than to load the memory with thoughts of other men”. Bill Beattie

Communication: making small talk.

1. Answer the following questions to find out what small talk is.

1. Have you ever been in a situation where you want to say something to someone and don't know what to say or how to start?

2. What can be said in a situation like that to start the conversation?

3. Who uses small talk?

4. Why is it important to be able to make small talk?

2. Practice the following dialog.

Kim: It's hot in here, isn't it?

Jill: Yes, it certainly is. I wish they'd open a window or two.

Kim: That would be nice. By the way, my name is Kim.

Jill: Hi, I'm Jill.

Kim: Do you like classes here?

Jill: Yes. I'm in English 10. What class are you in?

Kim: English 20.

Jill: Is it an interesting class?

Kim: It's OK. The teacher is great!

Jill: Is it easy to get home from where you live?

Kim: Yes, it takes me 40 minutes by bus. How long does it take you to get to school? Jill: About the same. Oh, I have to rush. I'm going to be late for class. Nice meeting you.

Kim: Bye now.

3. What topics are safe to talk about? Discuss these questions with your partner before you see the list of safe topics.

Impersonal topics:

the weather: yesterday's weather, tomorrow's weather, today's weather

travel: problems encountered at airports, subways, customs

news: local, world, national

entertainment: movies, concerts, theaters, dances

sports: hockey, football, soccer

tourist attractions: Kirov street, drama theatre

4. With a partner choose one or two topics from Task 3 making small talk with him or her. Homework

1. Match synonyms and make up sentences with the word expressions from column b.

Column A Column В

1. to take into account a. to take part

2. to recognize b. to achieve

3. to participate

4. occupation

to make choice

to develop