V. Translate
Когда архитектор получает заказ, он встречается с клиентом и обсуждает с ним его требования………………..
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После посещения строительной площадки архитектор разрабатывает предварительные планы.…….....
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Если клиент предлагает изменения, архитектор вносит их в окончательный дизайн-проект…………………………………..
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Несколько подрядчиков приглашаются для участия в тендере……………..
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Архитектор помогает клиенту выбрать лучшего подрядчика и составить с ним контракт……………………………………………………………………
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Во время строительства архитектор проводит периодические проверки….
…………………………………………………………………………………...
Во время строительства клиент оплачивает счета, выставляемые подрядчиком……………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...
Подрядчик завершает строительство и клиент занимает здание…………..
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Шесть месяцев после завершения – это период, который известен как «гарантийный срок эксплуатации здания»…………………………………...
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Во время этого периода подрядчик обязан устранять все дефекты………...
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В конечном счете, когда все дефекты удалены, клиент вступает в полное владение зданием………………………………………………………………
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VI. Speak
1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview with an experienced architect.
Student A is a high school student who wants to go to college and follow a career in Civil engineering.
Student B is an architect.
2. Speak about possible organizational relationships between the client, architect and contractor
UNIT 3
Tunnel Engineer |
Preview Answer the questions.
2. Can you imagine modern life without tunnels? Why?
3. Do you think cutting tunnels is dangerous? If so, why?
|
I. Listening and reading
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
Tannel engineer
Helen
is a Tunnel Engineer at the Channel
Tunnel Rail Link. She believes tunnel construction is fantastic.
I'm a Tunnel Engineer. I'm 31. I've got a degree in Engineering from Manchester University. I've been working on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link for the last three years. It's a high-speed rail route linking the centre of London to the Channel Tunnel.
There aren't many women in my position, in charge of large gangs of men, but I don't have any problems. I'd like to see more women Engineers.
Two long sections of the line through London are in tunnels - a total of 17.4 kilometres.
We used six huge laser-guided tunnel-boring machines. They cut 100 metres a day with astonishing accuracy - a tolerance of just 25 millimetres. They had names, like ships - Annie, Bertha, Judy, and so on.
It was a real engineering challenge. In some areas near the Thames the ground is so wet that the tunnel is almost floating. There were pumps running 24 hours a day to drain the water away. Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and dig under buildings without weakening their foundations.
There are always dangers in tunnel construction, but we had only two serious incidents - a truck fire that destroyed much of the concrete lining in one area and a collapse where several gardens in east London disappeared into the tunnel.
It's been a fantastic project. It makes it possible to reach Paris in two and a quarter hours. It will be here for at least 100 years, probably much longer. This is the reason I became an Engineer.
Notes:
Manchester [ˈmænˌtʃestə] – Манчестер
Channel Tunnel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l, ˈtʌn(ə)l] – a train tunnel under the English Channel between England and France – тоннель под Ла-Маншем