IV. Analyze

1. Match the words and expressions with their Russian equivalents

to fix a girder	a распределять нагрузку
to fill smth with reinforced concrete	b без перекашивания
to drive a steel pile	c проводить коммуникации
to lay the foundation	d легкий бетон
to drill a hole	e формировать прочный каркас
to spread the load	f вбивать стальную сваю
to form a strong framework	g закладывать фундамент
lightweight liquid concrete	h закреплять балку
to carry services	i заполнять что-либо железобетоном
without buckling	j бурить скважину

2. Match the words with their definitions

1 skyscraper	to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use
2 metalwork	a very large metal bar used for making the frame of a building, bridge, or other large structure
3 a pile	a pipe or tube in a building that carries something such as air or protects wires
4 to install	to be strong enough not to be harmed or destroyed by something
5 to cover	a hard substance such as wood, stone, or metal that is put on the outside of a structure, especially a building, to protect it or make it look more attractive
6 to withstand	the part of a structure of a building that is below the ground and supports the rest of it
7 cladding	a very tall building containing offices or flats
8 foundation	a large strong post that is driven into the ground to support a building or other structure
9 a duct	metal objects, or the metal parts of something
10 a girder	to put one thing over another, in order to protect or hide it

3. Put the words in the correct word order

1. Hole / the / start / a / large / ground / with / very / in / skyscrapers / .

2. On / foundations / the / depend / of / ground / of / nature / the / type/ the / .

3. Piles / steel / to / is / method / drive / the / another / ground / into / .

4. Top / thick / a / raft / laid / of / concrete / the / piles / of / is / on / .

5. Foundations / are / steel / the / columns / to / bolted / vertical / .

6. Steel / platform / of / each / to / rests / a / load / on / column / the / spread / .

7. Column / steel / are / girders / to / column / fixed / from / horizontally / .

8. Decking / laid / is / metal / the / girders / across / .

9. Below / ducts / the / are / floors / installed / .

10. Concrete / light / when / liquid / forms / it / sets / floors / the / .

11. Metalwork / all / fireproofed / is / .

12. In / the / outside / is / cladding / the / covered / of / building / .

4. Give the English equivalents

небоскреб……………………………………………………….………………….

бурить скважину………..………………………………………………………...

железобетон………..…………….………………………………………………...

забивать стальную сваю………...…………………………………………………

заливать опорную фундаментную плиту..………………………………………

закладывать фундамент….………………………………………………………..

скреплять болтами………….…………………………………………………….

стальная колонна…………………………….......………………………………

опираться………...……….………………………………………………………...

распределять нагрузку………………….…………………………………………

закреплять балку………………..……………………..…………………………...

формировать прочный каркас…………………………………………………..

металлические профильные листы………………………………………………

наполнять бетоном…………………….………….……………………………….

прокладывать трубопровод………………………………………………………

проводить коммуникации…………………………………………………………

металлические конструкции………………………………………………………

выдерживать высокие температуры……………………………………………...

без перекашивания, коробления …………………………………………………

облицовывать специальным покрытием…………………………………………

5. Prove the following statements

1. Foundations can be made in different ways.

2. There are some stages to form a strong framework.

3. To form a strong framework several important things are done.