V. Translate

1. Студенты должны соблюдать правила, находясь на строительной площадке…………........................................

……………………………………………………………….

2. Прораб несёт ответственность за здоровье и безопасность студентов..……………………………………..

………………………………………………………………….

3. Строительная площадка является опасным местом….

………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Важно, чтобы ваши шлем-каски были отрегулированы по размеру головы.

…………………………………………………………………………………...

5. Вы не можете совершить экскурсию, если вы обуты в кроссовки.................

…………………………………………………………………………………...

6. Очень опасно курить рядом с воспламеняющимися веществами………….

…………………………………………………………………………………...

7. Фотография со вспышкой может отвлечь строителей от работы…………..

…………………………………………………………………………………...

8. Студенты должны обращать внимание на знаки безопасности......................

…………………………………………………………………………………...

9. Не используйте незнакомую машину (станок), не проверив блокировку….

……………………………………………………………………………….......

10. Химические вещества должны храниться в закрываемом помещении…....

…………………………………………………………………………………...

VI. Speak

1. Interview

Work in pairs and prepare an interview

Student A is a just-employed worker.

Student B is a site manager who is speaking about the regulations he must observe and the precautions he must take.

2. Speak about your visit to a construction site

U NIT 6

FUTURE HOMES

Preview Answer the questions. What do you know about future homes? What is your idea of a future home? Do you think present houses should become different? Why?

I. Listening and reading

Listen to the text

R ead and translate the text

Earth homes

This is an interview with Peter Carpenter who is a designer of earth homes. He speaks about the advantages of earth houses and technical issues of their construction.

I What is an earth home?

P An earth home is any house which is built in part underground. Often earth houses are built into a hillside with earth on three sides and on the roof, in the northern hemisphere, we usually build them with the fourth side facing south to obtain the maximum light and heat.

I What are the advantages?

P Forget any idea that earth houses are cold, dark, and damp. That's a cellar, not an earth house. Earth homes are well-insulated. They're warm in winter and cool in summer. They're durable too. They're less exposed to the elements and can last for hundreds of years. Another big plus is that they make much less impact on the environment. They're less visible than ordinary homes so the landscape isn't spoilt and energy costs are very low. They're very low-maintenance. You don't have to paint them. You don't have to worry about roof repairs.

I What are the technical issues in building them?

P First of all, you can't build an earth house just anywhere. You must have planning permission, even though it's underground. The commonest construction m ethod is to excavate a hillside and build a structure into the hill. The roof has to be strong enough to bear the weight of soil on top and the walls must support the roof and resist the pressure of earth around the building so concrete, bricks, and masonry are often used. Waterproofing is important. You have to prevent moisture seeping into the structure from the walls and roof and through the floor. Lighting and ventilation are also important. You can include roof panels to introduce natural light to all parts of the building and to permit ventilation. Earth houses are usually very well insulated. The soil cover reduces any seasonal variation in temperature and in construction the whole building is lined with insulating materials so there's very little heat loss in winter. In summer, there's considerable heat gain through the south-facing windows.