Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 2. Find Russian equivalents to the following.

1. affect, 2. to be affected by cold, 3. affinities, 4. amid, 5. consider, 6. deals with, 7. digitalis, 8. elimination, 9. occur, 10. peak

Exercise 3. Find English equivalents to the following.

1. простуженный, 2. близость, сходство, 3. среди, между, 4. среди приветственных возгласов, 5. иметь дело, принимать меры (к чему-л.), 6. дигиталис, наперстянка, 7. исключение, отобранный путем отсева, 8. окружать, заключать (в себе), 9. пик, высшая точка, 10. сила, эффективность, действенность

Exercise 4. Match the following words and expressions from column A with those in column B.

A B

1. amid a. рассматривать

2. capabilities b. заключать в себе

3. consider c. потенциальные возможности

4. encompass d. среди, между

5. further education e. дальнейшее образование

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.

Exercise 5. Translate the following expressions.

1. capable – capable of explanation - capability

2. concern – to feel concern – it is no concern of mine – a matter of great concern

3. to eliminate – to eliminate a possibility – elimination – elimination trials – eliminator

4. flow – flow of spirits – gold flows from the country

5. to occur – to occur again – it occurred to me – occurrence – an everyday occurrence

Exercise 6. Translate the following sentences about pharmacology and clinical pharmacology.

A.

1. Pharmacology is the study of drugs, of the reactions of the body and drug on each other, the sources of drugs, their nature, and their properties.

2. Before the second half of the nineteenth century, the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine, quinine and digitalis were explained vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers.

3. Pharmacology developed in the 19th century as a biomedical science that applied the principles of scientific experimentation.

4. Pharmacology includes the cellular and molecular aspects, but also clinical measurements.

5. Pharmacokinetics involves the body systems for handling the drug, usually divided into the following classification: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination.

6. Pharmacy is a biomedical science concerned with preparation, dispensing, dosage, and the safe and effective use of medicines.

B.

1. Clinical pharmacology is the science of drugs and their clinical use.

2. Clinical pharmacology has a broad scope, from the discovery of new target molecules, to the effects of drug usage in whole populations.

3. Clinical pharmacologists usually have a rigorous medical and scientific training which enables them to evaluate evidence and produce new data through well designed studies.

4. Clinical pharmacology connects the gap between medical practice and laboratory science.

5. The main objective is to promote the safety of prescription, maximize the drug effects and minimize the side effects.

Exercise 7. Finish up the sentences using the correct words and word combinations from the right-hand column.

1. Pharmacy is a biomedical science concerned with … 2. Before the second half of the nineteenth century, the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine, quinine and digitalis were explained… 3. Pharmacology developed… 4. Pharmacodynamics discusses… 5. Pharmacokinetics discusses… 6. The main objective is…

a. .…preparation, dispensing, dosage, and the safe and effective use of medicines. b. …the interactions of chemicals with biological receptors. c. …vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers. d. …to promote the safety of prescription, maximize the drug effects and minimize the side effects. e. …the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals from the biological systems. f. …in the 19th century as a biomedical science that applied the principles of scientific experimentation.

Exercise 8. Insert the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. Fill in the blanks “of” if necessary.

1. Pharmacology as a scientific discipline ….. until the mid-19th century amid the great biomedical resurgence of that period. (not to advance)

2. The first pharmacology department ….. by Rudolf Buchheim in 1847, in recognition ….. the need to understand how therapeutic drugs and poisons produced their effects. (to be set up)

3. The two main areas ….. pharmacology ….. pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. (to be)

4. Pharmacology …… the cellular and molecular aspects, but also clinical measurements. (to include)

5. Pharmacokinetics ….. the body systems for handling the drug, usually divided into the following classification: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination. (to involve)

6. Pharmacology ….. the branch ….. medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. (to be)

7. Pharmacology ….. how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function. (to deal with)

8. Early pharmacologists ….. on natural substances, mainly plant extracts. (to focus)

9. Clinical pharmacology ….. a broad scope, from the discovery of new target molecules, to the effects ….. drug usage in whole populations. (to have)

Exercise 9. True or False Statements.

1. Before the second half of the nineteenth century, the remarkable potency and specificity of the actions of drugs such as morphine, quinine and digitalis were explained vaguely and with reference to extraordinary chemical powers and affinities to certain organs or tissues.

2. Early pharmacologists focused on artificial substances, mainly chemical elements.

3. Pharmacodynamics - what happens to the drug while in the body.

4. Pharmacokinetics – finding out what drugs do to the body and how.

5. Pharmacology developed in the 19th century as a biomedical science that applied the principles of scientific experimentation.

6. Clinical pharmacologists usually have a limited medical and scientific training which enables them to evaluate evidence and produce old data through well designed studies.

Exercise 10. Read about clinical pharmacology.