Vocabulary exercises

Exercise 2. Give Russian equivalents to the following.

1. compound, 2. core, 3. discovery, 4. efficacy, 5. evaluation, 6. exert, 7. inhalant, 8. injectable, 9. pill, 10. prior

Exercise 3. Give English equivalents to the following.

1. сердцевина, 2. открытие, 3. эффективность, 4. давать возможность, 5. оказывать давление, 6. ингалятор, 7. инъекционный, 8. подразумевать, 9. прежний, 10. смысл,

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences.

1. Medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry are disciplines at the intersection of chemistry, especially synthetic organic chemistry, and pharmacology and various other biological specialties, where it is involved with design, chemical synthesis and development for market of pharmaceutical agents (drugs).

2. Compounds used as medicines are most often organic compounds, which are often divided into the broad classes of small organic molecules and "biologics", the latter of which are most often medicinal preparations of proteins.

3. Inorganic and organometallic compounds are also useful as drugs.

4. In particular, medicinal chemistry in its most common guise -focusing on small organic molecules - encompasses synthetic organic chemistry and aspects of natural products and computational chemistry in close combination with chemical biology, enzymology and structural biology, together aiming at the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents.

5. Practically speaking, it involves chemical aspects of identification, and then systematic, thorough synthetic alteration of new chemical entities to make them suitable for therapeutic use.

Exercise 5. Match up chemical elements and names.

H O N Cl K S Fe Cu F

copper iron fluorine hydrogen oxygen nitrogen chlorine potassium sodium

Exercise 6. Finish up the sentences using the correct words and word combinations from the right-hand column.

1. Pharmaceutical chemists are involved ….. 2. Prior to the nineteenth century, schools of pharmacy trained…… 3. By discovering and structurally characterizing compounds with medicinal activity, chemists are able …… 4. Once the drug's structure is known, the drug can serve …… 5. Once scientists and government regulatory agencies have determined the drug candidate to be relatively safe, ……

a. …..to design new drugs with enhanced potency and decreased adverse side effects. b. ……in the development and assessment of therapeutic compounds. c. …….as a prototype or "lead compound" for designing more effective therapeutic agents of similar chemical structure. d. ……it can enter into clinical trials. e. ………pharmacists and physicians how to prepare medicinal remedies from natural organic products or inorganic materials.

Exercise 7. True or false statements.

1. It was not until the early 1800s that scientists began extracting chemicals from plants with purported therapeutic properties to isolate the active components and identify them.

2. Drug delivery is the core of pharmaceutical chemistry.

3. Once the drug's structure is known, the drug can serve as a prototype or "lead compound" for designing less effective therapeutic agents of similar chemical structure.

4. Today, many medications are commonly introduced as inhalants or in a time-release formulation, either encapsulated in a biodegradable polymer or by means of a transdermal patch.

5. Phase II trials continue to assess the drug's safety and effectiveness in a smaller population.

6. Pharmaceutical physicists are involved in the development and assessment of therapeutic compounds.

Exercise 8. Translate the following text about water.

Water

About three quarters of the earth’s surface is covered with liquid water. Water is also an important constituent of the earth’s atmosphere. It also occurs in minerals. Water occurs in animals and vegetable tissues. It constitutes some 70 percent of the human body and over 90 percent of some vegetables.

The water for drinking and domestic purposes is generally supplied by rivers, lakes, wells and springs. Such waters commonly contain salts of calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, organic matters from falling leaves and twigs; traces of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, ammonia, and other gases from the atmosphere.

Exercise 9. Choose the correct word from the box.

Atmosphere, drink, substances, food, nature, tissues, purposes

1. We use water for drinking and domestic ______ .

2. Water contains dissolves mineral _______ .

3. Water occurs in animals and vegetable _______ .

4. Water constitutes an important part of the earth’s ________ .

5. Most animals take in large quantities of water with their ______ .

6. Potable water is water which is fit to ______ .

7. Absolutely pure water does not occur in _______ .

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences.

1. Воду для питья обычно используют из рек, озер, колодцев, родников.

2. Три четверти земной поверхности покрыты жидкой водой.

3. Растения и животные содержат большое количество воды.

4. Вода составляет около 70% веса тела человека.

5. Вода содержит растворимые минеральные вещества.